Simula Research Laboratory /
Center for Resilient Networks and Applications /
NorNet
Homepage of Thomas Dreibholz /
Thomas Dreibholz's SCTP Project Page
Simula Research Laboratory /
Center for Resilient Networks and Applications /
NorNet
Homepage of Thomas Dreibholz /
Thomas Dreibholz's SCTP Project Page
Updated standardisation overview.
SCTP is a general-purpose, unicast, bidirectional, connection-oriented and datagram-oriented Transport Layer protocol. It has initially been defined by the IETF SIGTRAN WG, for the purpose of transporting telephone signalling traffic over the Internet. In October 2001, it has been published in RFC 2960. Later, the IETF TSVWG WG has continued the SCTP development; a revised version – based on experiences with implementation and deployment in productive environments – has been published in September 2007 as RFC 4960. So, SCTP itself is not a very new protocol any more. However, research on extensions for SCTP is still very actively ongoing. Currently, there are multiple extensions in the discussion within the IETF. At some time in the future, the finished extensions should also be published as RFCs.
The features provided by SCTP include:
Probably one of the most interesting features of SCTP is its ability to support multi-homing. That is, instead of just connecting an endpoint to one network – corresponding to a single Internet Service Provider (ISP) – it is possible to have connectivity to multiple networks (usually: multiple ISPs) simultaneously. Then, in case of a failure within some of the networks, an SCTP connection can still keep active unless all networks stop working. This so-called multi-homing feature is particularly necessary for redundancy; it has there been a requirement of the original telephone signalling use case. The example figure above shows a setup with Endpoint A being connected to three networks and Endpoint B being connected to three networks.
SCTP as defined in RFC 4960 supports multi-homing, but not multi-path transfer. That is, SCTP selects one of the available paths for data transmission (the so-called primary path). The other paths remains as backups and are only used for retransmissions or in case of a failure on the primary path. However, multi-path transfer becomes very tempting to improve payload throughput when there are actually links to multiple ISPs available (and paid, of course!). Therefore, there is ongoing research on multi-path transfer for SCTP, with the so-called Concurrent Multipath Transfer for SCTP (CMT-SCTP) extension. The research presented on this website, as part of a DFG-funded project, is mainly focussed on the optimisation of CMT-SCTP. The main challenges of efficient multi-path transfer are to work with heterogeneous paths (e.g. satellite and other wireless links together with fibre links or DSL) and the possible existence of shared bottlenecks (i.e. resources shared by multiple paths; like the right upper router in the example figure). Of course, the research results for CMT-SCTP can be easily transferred to other multi-path transfer protocols – like e.g. Multi-Path TCP (MPTCP) – as well.
An introduction to SCTP, its extensions and particularly multi-path transfer with SCTP can be found in: Dreibholz, Thomas: ``Evaluation and Optimisation of Multi-Path Transport using the Stream Control Transmission Protocol´´ (PDF, 36779 KiB, 🇬🇧), Habilitation Treatise, University of Duisburg-Essen, Faculty of Economics, Institute for Computer Science and Business Information Systems, URN urn:nbn:de:hbz:464-20120315-103208-1, March 13, 2012, [BibTeX, XML]. For specific details on the protocol and its extensions, have a look at the RFCs and various Internet Drafts in the Standardisation section.
The complete BibTeX references in a single file can be found here!
Dreibholz, Thomas: ``Ideas for a Next Generation of the Stream Control Transmission Protocol (SCTP)´´ (TXT, 17 KiB, 🇬🇧), Internet Draft draft-dreibholz-tsvwg-sctp-nextgen-ideas-20, IETF, Individual Submission, September 30, 2024, [BibTeX, XML].
Abstract: This document collects some ideas for a next generation of the Stream Control Transmission Protocol (SCTP) for further discussion. It is a result of lessons learned from more than one decade of SCTP deployment.
URL: https://tools.ietf.org/id/draft-dreibholz-tsvwg-sctp-nextgen-ideas-20.txt
MD5: 8dd469b0baa7b5f7e2b9f8bee249ed91
Dreibholz, Thomas; Becke, Martin and Adhari, Hakim: ``SCTP Socket API Extensions for Concurrent Multipath Transfer´´ (TXT, 13 KiB, 🇬🇧), Internet Draft draft-dreibholz-tsvwg-sctpsocket-multipath-29, IETF, Individual Submission, September 30, 2024, [BibTeX, XML].
Abstract: This document describes extensions to the SCTP sockets API for configuring the CMT-SCTP and CMT/RP-SCTP extensions.
URL: https://tools.ietf.org/id/draft-dreibholz-tsvwg-sctpsocket-multipath-29.txt
MD5: 0e98338ddef3a0bfefa1c3c0bd04ee2f
Hohendorf, Carsten; Unurkhaan, Esbold and Dreibholz, Thomas: ``Secure SCTP´´ (TXT, 90 KiB, 🇬🇧), Internet Draft draft-hohendorf-secure-sctp-38, IETF, Individual Submission, September 30, 2024, [BibTeX, XML].
Abstract: This document explains the reason for the integration of security functionality into SCTP, and gives a short description of S-SCTP and its services. S-SCTP is fully compatible with SCTP defined in RFC4960, it is designed to integrate cryptographic functions into SCTP.
URL: https://tools.ietf.org/id/draft-hohendorf-secure-sctp-38.txt
MD5: 9d8138e5d815a683bb7cb62fb45adc39
Dreibholz, Thomas; Seggelmann, Robin and Becke, Martin: ``Sender Queue Info Option for the SCTP Socket API´´ (TXT, 14 KiB, 🇬🇧), Internet Draft draft-dreibholz-tsvwg-sctpsocket-sqinfo-29, IETF, Individual Submission, September 30, 2024, [BibTeX, XML].
Abstract: This document describes an extension to the SCTP sockets API for querying information about the sender queue.
URL: https://tools.ietf.org/id/draft-dreibholz-tsvwg-sctpsocket-sqinfo-29.txt
MD5: e99246ac3422a49f7f4fef27bb20adaf
Becke, Martin; Dreibholz, Thomas; Ekiz, Nasif; Iyengar, Janardhan R.; Natarajan, Preethi; Stewart, Randall R. and Tüxen, Michael: ``Load Sharing for the Stream Control Transmission Protocol (SCTP)´´ (TXT, 61 KiB, 🇬🇧), Internet Draft draft-tuexen-tsvwg-sctp-multipath-28, IETF, Individual Submission, September 5, 2024, [BibTeX, XML].
Abstract: The Stream Control Transmission Protocol (SCTP) supports multi-homing for providing network fault tolerance. However, mainly one path is used for data transmission. Only timer-based retransmissions are carried over other paths as well. This document describes how multiple paths can be used simultaneously for transmitting user messages.
URL: https://tools.ietf.org/id/draft-tuexen-tsvwg-sctp-multipath-28.txt
MD5: ec9f508bb473c9a7a948a2fef2d878b7
Dreibholz, Thomas: ``NEAT Sockets API´´ (TXT, 57 KiB, 🇬🇧), Internet Draft draft-dreibholz-taps-neat-socketapi-15, IETF, Individual Submission, September 3, 2024, [BibTeX, XML].
Abstract: This document describes a BSD Sockets-like API on top of the callback-based NEAT User API. This facilitates porting existing applications to use a subset of NEAT's functionality.
URL: https://tools.ietf.org/id/draft-dreibholz-taps-neat-socketapi-15.txt
MD5: 3b1e43a5d366d5d0f1473d0fcd60d38d
Dreibholz, Thomas and Mazumdar, Somnath: ``Find Out: How Do Your Data Packets Travel?´´ (PDF, 7239 KiB, 🇬🇧), in Proceedings of the 18th IEEE International Conference on Network and Service Management (CNSM), pp. 359–363, DOI 10.23919/CNSM55787.2022.9965091, ISBN 978-3-903176-51-5, Thessaloniki, Greece, November 1, 2022, [BibTeX, XML].
Keywords: Internet, Connectivity, Routing, Data, Packets, Traffic Paths
Abstract: In today's communication-centric world, users generate and exchange a massive amount of data. The Internet helps user data to travel from one part of the world to another, via a complex set of network systems. These systems are intelligent, heterogeneous, and non-transparent to users. This paper presents an extensive, trace-driven study of user data traffic covering five years of observations, six large ISPs, 22 different autonomous systems, and a total of 12 countries. This work aims to make users aware of how their data travels in the Internet, as the interests of ISPs majorly influence the data traffic path. Although data traffic should prefer to travel through countries that share land borders, we found that the shortest land distance between the two countries does not impact data path selection.
URL: https://web-backend.simula.no/sites/default/files/publications/files/cnsm2022.pdf
MD5: 1a49b8096e6f7d92d50d2ff98836db4c
Dreibholz, Thomas; Ahmed, Azza Hassan Mohamed; Fida, Mah-Rukh; Ocampo, Andrés Felipe and Michelinakis, Foivos Ioannis: ``Detecting Issues with In-Band Telemetry in OSM-Orchestrated Core Networks´´ (PDF, 4769 KiB, 🇬🇧), Presentation at the OSM#13 Ecosystem Day, Demo presentation, Virtual, June 15, 2022, [BibTeX, XML].
Keywords: Network Function Virtualisation (NFV), Open Source MANO (OSM), P4, Telemetry, Anomaly Detection
Abstract: Open Source MANO is a helpful tool to manage and orchestrate the instantiation of core network setups, like Network Service (NS) instances of our SimulaMet OpenAirInterface Virtual Network Function (VNF) for Enhanced Packet Cores (EPC). We furthermore extended our NS with VNF instances of Programming Protocol-independent Packet Processors (P4) switches, in order to allow for in-band telemetry. With in-band telemetry, it is possible to flexibly add, process, and remove telemetry information to traffic within the packet core, in order to allow for fine-granular evaluation of the system performance and the users' experienced quality of service. In our presentation and demo, we would like to provide an overview of our ongoing work on P4-based in-band telemetry in an OSM-orchestrated 4G core, which is used for detecting performance problems and anomalies in the network based on machine learning. We would furthermore like to demonstrate the details of our setup to the audience in a live demo.
URL: https://web-backend.simula.no/sites/default/files/publications/files/osmhackfest13-presentation.pdf
MD5: 8e45be5e236c300b6172de1948edcd61
Dreibholz, Thomas and Mazumdar, Somnath: ``Load Distribution for Mobile Edge Computing with Reliable Server Pooling´´ (PDF, 3664 KiB, 🇬🇧), in Proceedings of the 4th International Workshop on Recent Advances for Multi-Clouds and Mobile Edge Computing (M2EC) in conjunction with the 36th International Conference on Advanced Information Networking and Applications (AINA), pp. 590–601, DOI 10.1007/978-3-030-99619-2_55, ISBN 978-3-030-99619-2, Sydney, New South Wales/Australia, April 15, 2022, [BibTeX, XML].
Keywords: Mobile Edge Computing (MEC), Multi-Cloud Computing, Reliable Server Pooling (RSerPool), Load Distribution, Cloud Computing, Serverless Computing
Abstract: The energy-efficient computing model is a popular choice for both, high-performance and throughput-oriented computing ecosystems. Mobile (computing) devices are becoming increasingly ubiquitous to our computing domain, but with limited resources (true both for computation as well as for energy). Hence, workload offloading from resource-constrained mobile devices to the edge and maybe later to the cloud become necessary as well as useful. Thanks to the persistent technical breakthroughs in global wireless standards (or in mobile networks), together with the almost limitless amount of resources in public cloud platforms, workload offloading is possible and cheaper. In such scenarios, Mobile Edge Computing (MEC) resources could be provisioned in proximity to the users for supporting latency-sensitive applications. Here, two relevant problems could be: i) How to distribute workload to the resource pools of MEC as well as public (multi-)clouds? ii) How to manage such resource pools effectively? To answer these problems in this paper, we examine the performance of our proposed approach using the Reliable Server Pooling (RSerPool) framework in more detail. We also have outlined the resource pool management policies to effectively use RSerPool for workload offloading from mobile devices into the cloud/MEC ecosystem.
URL: https://web-backend.simula.no/sites/default/files/publications/files/m2ec2022.pdf
MD5: 9781c73c07685768b70b5cd7250b8b24
Dreibholz, Thomas: ``NorNet – A Linux- and Open-Source-Software-based International Platform for Networking Research´´ (PDF, 7977 KiB, 🇬🇧), in Proceedings of the Linux Conference Australia (LCA), Virtual, January 15, 2022, [BibTeX, XML].
Keywords: NorNet, Testbed, Multi-Homing, Multi-Path Transport, Linux, Open Source
Abstract: The NorNet testbed is an Internet testbed platform for research on multi-homed systems. The particular property of multi-homed systems is to be connected to multiple Internet Service Providers (ISP) simultaneously. Its initial purpose is of course to still provide connectivity in case of ISP/network failures. But does it really work that well, also with current protocols and applications? And redundancy does not come for free. A user connected to multiple ISPs will also receive multiple Internet bills each month. So, is there a possibility to make further use of multi-homing in the usual case where nothing goes wrong? Obviously, there are a lot of interesting research questions, which need to be examined in realistic Internet setups! Therefore, we are building up the NorNet open Internet testbed platform as a Linux- and Open-Source-software-based infrastructure, which currently spreads over multiple sites in different countries. NorNet makes extensive use of advanced Linux features like Kernel-based Virtualisation (KVM), Linux Containers (LXC), BTRFS file system features, IP routing rules, Stream Control Transmission Protocol (SCTP), Multi-Path TCP (MPTCP), and many more. The goal of this talk is therefore to present an overview of the testbed, its underlying Linux features, and how they are combined to provide the multi-homing features to the various testbed users. This particularly includes an overview of how to make use of multi-path transport with MPTCP – based on the Linux MPTCP implementation – in multi-homed environments. The idea is to provide guidelines for also utilising multi-homing features in own projects.
URL: https://web-backend.simula.no/sites/default/files/publications/files/lca2022-presentation.pdf
MD5: 65d811842205bd1f11a8518d1c3455e4
Dreibholz, Thomas; Ocampo, Andrés Felipe and Fida, Mah-Rukh: ``Demonstration of P4-Based In-Band Telemetry for OSM-Orchestrated 4G/5G Testbeds´´ (PDF, 5252 KiB, 🇬🇧), Presentation at the OSM#12 Ecosystem Day, Demo presentation, Virtual, December 1, 2021, [BibTeX, XML].
Keywords: Network Function Virtualisation, In-Band Telemetry, P4, Open Source MANO, OpenAirInterface, 5G
Abstract: The SimulaMet OpenAirInterface VNF provides an OpenAirInterface-based Enhanced Packet Core (EPC), with separate VDUs for HSS, MME, SPGW-C and SPGW-U. To allow for advanced in-band telemetry, we have extended this VNF to add switches with Programming Protocol-independent Packet Processors (P4) to all relevant virtual links inside the EPC. P4 allows full programability of the packet forwarding behaviour, and especially allows to extend packets with additional information for in-band telemetry. This information can be read by other P4 instances to allow for fine-granular performance data collection. In this presentation and live demonstration, we would like show the solutions chosen to efficiently use OSM for handling our extended EPC, and in particular we would like to highlight the possibilities to perform P4-based in-band telemetry to evaluate the performance of the mobile network. Finally, we would also like to show the audience a live demo of our testbed setup with telemetry collection.
URL: https://web-backend.simula.no/sites/default/files/publications/files/osmhackfest12-presentation.pdf
MD5: a8a7bb46192c0b1179f98ad255df5caf
Dreibholz, Thomas and Mazumdar, Somnath: ``A Demo of Workload Offloading in Mobile Edge Computing Using the Reliable Server Pooling Framework´´ (PDF, 1892 KiB, 🇬🇧), in Proceedings of the 46th IEEE Conference on Local Computer Networks (LCN), Demo presentation, Edmonton, Alberta/Canada, October 7, 2021, [BibTeX, XML].
Keywords: Mobile Edge Computing (MEC), Multi-Cloud Computing, Reliable Server Pooling (RSerPool), Network Function Virtualisation (NFV), Evolved Packet Core (EPC), Demonstration
Abstract: Mobile Edge Computing (MEC) places cloud resources nearby the user, to provide support for latency-sensitive applications. Offloading workload from resource-constrained mobile devices (such as smartphones) into the cloud ecosystem is becoming increasingly popular. In this demonstration, we show how to deploy a mobile network (with OpenAirInterface and Open Source MANO), as well as to adapt the Reliable Server Pooling (RSerPool) framework to efficiently manage MEC as well as multi-cloud resources to run an interactive demo application.
URL: https://web-backend.simula.no/sites/default/files/publications/files/lcn2021-rserpool-web.pdf
MD5: c9e51673dfbb0847a1e41a8c32d0c272
Chen, Min; Raza, Muhammad Waleed; Dreibholz, Thomas; Zhou, Xing and Tan, Yuyin: ``A Multi-Parameter Comprehensive Optimized Algorithm for MPTCP Networks´´ (PDF, 3320 KiB, 🇬🇧), in Electronics, vol. 10, no. 16, pp. 1–19, MDPI, DOI 10.3390/electronics10161942, ISSN 2079-9292, Basel/Switzerland, August 12, 2021, [BibTeX, XML].
Abstract: With the increasing deployment of the Multi-Path Transmission Control Protocol (MPTCP) in heterogeneous network setups, there is a need to understand how its performance is affected in practice both by traditional factors such as round-trip time measurements, buffer predictive modelling and by calculating the impact factors of network subflows. Studies have shown that path management and packet scheduling have a large effect on overall performance and required limited resources with different congestion control parameters. Unfortunately, most of the previous studies have focused almost exclusively on the improvement of a single parameter, without a holistic view. To deal with this issue effectively, this paper puts forward a Multi-Parameter Comprehensive Optimized Algorithm (MPCOA), which can find the smaller buffer size and select the appropriate congestion control and path management algorithm on the premise of ensuring larger throughput. Experiments of three scenarios show that MPCOA can save the buffer space and subflow resources, and achieve high throughput. Meanwhile, a set of quantitative improvement results given by MPCOA is convenient for us to evaluate the quality of MPTCP network, and provide reference for our ongoing future work, like for 4G/5G, Internet of Things and Star Link networks.
URL: https://www.mdpi.com/2079-9292/10/16/1942/pdf
MD5: 34590aec90bbbe3ea255e733f437bd7f
Dreibholz, Thomas and Mazumdar, Somnath: ``Reliable Server Pooling Based Workload Offloading with Mobile Edge Computing: A Proof-of-Concept´´ (PDF, 1113 KiB, 🇬🇧), in Proceedings of the 3rd International Workshop on Recent Advances for Multi-Clouds and Mobile Edge Computing (M2EC) in conjunction with the 35th International Conference on Advanced Information Networking and Applications (AINA), vol. 3, pp. 582–593, DOI 10.1007/978-3-030-75078-7_58, ISBN 978-3-030-75078-7, Toronto, Ontario/Canada, May 14, 2021, [BibTeX, XML].
Keywords: Mobile Edge Computing (MEC), Multi-Cloud Computing, Reliable Server Pooling (RSerPool), Network Function Virtualisation (NFV), Evolved Packet Core (EPC), 5G
Abstract: In recent times, mobile broadband devices have become almost ubiquitous. However, battery-powered devices (such as smartphones), have limitations on energy consumption, computation power and storage space. Cloud computing and Mobile Edge Computing (MEC) can provide low-latency compute and storage services at the vicinity of the user, MEC in particular due to the upcoming 5G networks. However, the complexity lies in how to simply and efficiently realise MEC services, with the auxiliary public (multi-)cloud resources? In this paper, we propose a proof-of-concept for using Reliable Server Pooling (RSerPool) as a light-weight layer of managing resource pools and handling application sessions with these pools. Our approach is simple, efficient, has low overhead and is available as open source. Here, we demonstrate the usefulness of our approach by measuring in a test setup, with a 4G testbed connected to MEC and public multi-cloud resources.
URL: https://web-backend.simula.no/sites/default/files/publications/files/m2ec2021-web.pdf
MD5: a75fca110072cf3941409864791e0986
Dreibholz, Thomas: ``NorNet at Hainan University in 2021: Getting Started with NorNet Core – A Remote Tutorial´´ (PDF, 4654 KiB, 🇬🇧), Tutorial at Hainan University, College of Information Science and Technology (CIST), Haikou, Hainan/People's Republic of China, January 15, 2021, [BibTeX, XML].
Keywords: NorNet, NorNet Core, Testbed, Multi-Homing, Multi-Path Transport, Tutorial
Abstract: This tutorial – presented for students at the College of Information Science and Technology (CIST) at Hainan University – provides an introduction on how to get access to the NorNet Core testbed as well as how to run experiments in the testbed in 2021.
URL: https://web-backend.simula.no/sites/default/files/publications/files/haikou2021-nornet-tutorial.pdf
MD5: 7c7a0d08c3b357c0d3086e95d033c63e
Dreibholz, Thomas: ``NorNet at Hainan University in 2021: From Simulations to Real-World Internet Measurements for Multi-Path Transport Research – A Remote Presentation´´ (PDF, 14184 KiB, 🇬🇧), Keynote Talk at Hainan University, College of Information Science and Technology (CIST), Haikou, Hainan/People's Republic of China, January 8, 2021, [BibTeX, XML].
Keywords: NorNet, NorNet Core, NorNet Edge, Testbed, Multi-Homing, Introduction, Status
Abstract: A large fraction of the communication in the Internet is handled by the Transmission Control Protocol (TCP). Since the first deployments of this protocol more than 30 years ago, the spectrum of applications as well as the structure of the network have developed at a fast pace. For example, today's network devices, like smartphones and laptops – i.e. particularly many devices in the area of mobile computing – frequently have an interesting property: the existence of multiple IP addresses (IPv4 and/or IPv6). The addresses may even change due to mobility. This property, denoted as multi-homing, can be utilised for multi-path transport, i.e. the simultaneous usage of multiple paths in the network to improve performance. Multi-path transport is a hot topic in the Internet Engineering Task Force (IETF), which is the standardisation organisation for the Internet. This talk provides an overview of the work in the areas of multi-homing and multi-path transport, with focus on the area of the protocols TCP and Stream Control Transmission Protocol (SCTP) with their experimental extensions Multi-Path TCP (MPTCP) and Concurrent Multi-Path Transfer for SCTP (CMT-SCTP). It particularly shows the sequence of research and selected results, beginning from a simple simulation model, via lab setups and small Internet scenarios, up to the large-scale, international testbed project NorNet. NorNet, and particularly its landline network part NorNet Core, is furthermore described in some detail. Based on NorNet, it is finally possible to validate simulation results in real-world, multi-homed networks, in order to provide valuable input to the ongoing IETF standardisation processes of MPTCP and CMT-SCTP. Particularly, it will also show how the NorNet testbed can be utilised for research at Hainan University in 2021.
MD5: 37f2850a007882bb0c12c29b0780e067
Dreibholz, Thomas: ``Custom-Made Enhanced Packet Cores as Network Services for 4G/5G Testbeds managed with Open Source MANO´´ (PDF, 4221 KiB, 🇬🇧), Presentation at the Mosaic5G Workshop, December 3, 2020, [BibTeX, XML].
Keywords: Network Function Virtualisation, Evolved Packet Core, Open Source MANO, OpenAirInterface, 5G
Abstract: Setting up Enhanced Packet Cores (EPC) – like the Mosaic5G OpenAirInterface-based EPC – for 4G/5G Testbeds is a complicated and error-prone task. Therefore, we developed the SimulaMet OpenAirInterface VNF, a complex 4-VDU VNF, which upon instantiation builds the components of the EPC from scratch from given source Git repositories. That is, based on the parametrisation, users can easily create tailor-made EPCs for their projects, particularly EPCs based on the Mosaic5G FlexRAN sources. In this presentation, we would like to shortly highlight the solutions chosen to efficiently use OSM for handling the instantiation process, performing telemetry, and debugging issues. That is, we particularly would like to present to the Mosaic5G audience some lessons learned during the ongoing development.
URL: https://web-backend.simula.no/sites/default/files/publications/files/m5g-2020-presentation.pdf
MD5: a0cddc5183325e6585df53943d0592df
Dreibholz, Thomas and Ocampo, Andrés Felipe: ``Managing Tailor-Made Enhanced Packet Cores for 4G/5G Testbeds in OSM with the SimulaMet OpenAirInterface VNF´´ (PDF, 7354 KiB, 🇬🇧), Presentation at the OSM Hackfest, December 2, 2020, [BibTeX, XML].
Keywords: Network Function Virtualisation, Evolved Packet Core, Open Source MANO, OpenAirInterface, 5G
Abstract: The SimulaMet OpenAirInterface VNF is a complex 4-VDU VNF, allowing its users to instantiate and maintain a tailor-made Enhanced Packet Core (EPC) for 4G/5G mobile broadband testbeds. The EPC components are directly built from their sources during instantiation, allowing to use customised versions according to the users' needs. A general overview has already been presented during the OSM Hackfest in March 2020. In this presentation and live demonstration, we would like to highlight the solutions chosen to efficiently use OSM for handling the instantiation process, provide telemetry, and to debug issues. That is, we particularly would like to present to the audience the lessons learned during the ongoing development. Finally, we would also like to show the audience a live demo of an OSM-managed 4G testbed setup with telemetry collection.
URL: https://web-backend.simula.no/sites/default/files/publications/files/osmhackfest10-presentation.pdf
MD5: 9a49992810016c554185721a8f70f12f
Ocampo, Andrés Felipe; Dreibholz, Thomas; Fida, Mah-Rukh; Elmokashfi, Ahmed Mustafa and Bryhni, Haakon: ``Integrating Cloud-RAN with Packet Core as VNF Using Open Source MANO and OpenAirInterface´´ (PDF, 430 KiB, 🇬🇧), in Proceedings of the 45th IEEE Conference on Local Computer Networks (LCN), Demo presentation, Sydney, New South Wales/Australia, November 18, 2020, [BibTeX, XML].
Keywords: Cloud Radio Access Network (Cloud-RAN), Ethernet Xhaul, Functional Splits, Network Function Virtualisation (NFV), Open Source MANO (OSM), Fronthaul
Abstract: The Cloud-based Radio Access Network (Cloud-RAN) architecture and Network Function Virtualization (NFV) are key enablers to building future mobile networks in a flexible and cost-efficient way. With early deployments of the fifth generation of mobile technologies - 5G - around the world, setting up 4G/5G experimental infrastructures is necessary to optimally design 5G networks. In this demo, we present a custom small-scale 4G/5G testbed based on OpenAirInterface and Open Source MANO. The testbed integrates a Cloud-RAN based on switched Ethernet Xhaul and functional splitting, with an Evolved Packet Core (EPC) deployed as a Virtual Network Function (VNF) in a cloud infrastructure. Using Open Source MANO, this demo shows the administration and monitoring of the EPC VNF components. Moreover, as proof of concept, collection and visualization of telemetry will be shown for two smart-phones connected to the network through the Cloud-RAN.
MD5: 0c6e5c6588aedf71fe9af3a9997a9d99
Chen, Min; Dreibholz, Thomas; Zhou, Xing and Yang, Xuelei: ``Improvement and Implementation of a Multi-Path Management Algorithm Based on MPTCP´´ (PDF, 526 KiB, 🇬🇧), in Proceedings of the 45th IEEE Conference on Local Computer Networks (LCN), pp. 134–143, DOI 10.1109/LCN48667.2020.9314778, ISBN 978-1-7281-7158-6, Sydney, New South Wales/Australia, November 16, 2020, [BibTeX, XML].
Keywords: MPTCP, Multi-path Management, PCDC, Subflow Impact Factor, Data Stream Classification
Abstract: The core idea of Multi-Path Transmission Control Protocol (MPTCP) is to share network resources by distributing payload data transmission among multiple subflows. Then, multiple paths in the underlying network can be used to maximize the overall connection throughput. However, the concurrent transmission of not all subflows aggregation can improve network performance, because of the performance difference of each subflow. In this paper, we propose a new FullMesh algorithm based on Path Characteristic and Data Characteristic (PCDC), in which the Subflow Impact Factor (IF) is used as a subflow characteristic to predict the impact of the subflow on the overall throughput. Then, different path sets are adopted for different sizes of traffic. The PCDC algorithm is evaluated in the NorNet Core testbed, compared with the FullMesh algorithm. Our research results show that the PCDC algorithm can improve the network throughput, and reduce the overall completion time of small data streams.
URL: https://web-backend.simula.no/sites/default/files/publications/files/lcn2020-pathmgt-web.pdf
MD5: d6ac16601873ae7788bddd205d65e70d
Dreibholz, Thomas: ``A 4G/5G Packet Core as VNF with Open Source MANO and OpenAirInterface´´ (PDF, 811 KiB, 🇬🇧), in Proceedings of the 28th IEEE International Conference on Software, Telecommunications and Computer Networks (SoftCOM), pp. 1–3, DOI 10.23919/SoftCOM50211.2020.9238222, ISBN 978-953-290-099-6, Hvar, Dalmacija/Croatia, September 19, 2020, [BibTeX, XML].
Keywords: Network Function Virtualisation (NFV), Virtual Network Function (VNF), Evolved Packet Core (EPC), OpenAirInterface, Open Source MANO (OSM), Testbed
Abstract: 5G, the fifth generation of mobile broadband networks, is going to make a large range of new applications possible. However, further research is necessary, and the basic step, i.e. setting up a 4G/5G testbed infrastructure, is a complicated and error-prone task. In this abstract and poster, we introduce our open source SimulaMet EPC Virtual Network Function (VNF), as an easy way to set up a 4G/5G testbed based on Open Source MANO and OpenAirInterface. We would like to showcase how a researcher can use our VNF as part of his own research testbed setup. Therefore, the focus is particularly on the user interface details and features of the SimulaMet EPC VNF.
MD5: e5573d55de90860f8dababa28911e819
Dreibholz, Thomas: ``HiPerConTracer - A Versatile Tool for IP Connectivity Tracing in Multi-Path Setups´´ (PDF, 4898 KiB, 🇬🇧), in Proceedings of the 28th IEEE International Conference on Software, Telecommunications and Computer Networks (SoftCOM), pp. 1–6, DOI 10.23919/SoftCOM50211.2020.9238278, ISBN 978-953-290-099-6, Hvar, Dalmacija/Croatia, September 17, 2020, [BibTeX, XML].
Keywords: HiPerConTracer, Traceroute, Ping, Multi-Path Transport, NorNet, NorNet Core
Abstract: Nowadays, we see a steadily increasing number of Internet devices with connections to multiple networks. For example, every smartphone provides mobile broadband and Wi-Fi connectivity. Multi-path transport protocols, like MPTCP, CMT-SCTP or Multipath-QUIC, allow for utilising all connected networks simultaneously. However, while there is a lot of research on the Transport Layer aspects of multi-path transport, there is not much work on the Network Layer perspective, yet. In this paper, we introduce our Open Source tool HiPerConTracer (High-Performance Connectivity Tracer) for efficient, parallelised, long-term measurements of the path connectivity characteristics among multi-homed Internet systems. HiPerConTracer is now running as a permanent feature in the NorNet Core infrastructure, which is used for research on multi-homed systems, and in particular for research on multi-path transport. Based on the HiPerConTracer data collected in NorNet Core so far, we finally present some interesting results from the analysis of the inter-continental site connectivity between China and Norway in January 2020.
URL: https://web-backend.simula.no/sites/default/files/2024-06/SoftCOM2020-HiPerConTracer.pdf
MD5: 676791cf458caa2e9f21688227fc6219
Barik, Runa; Welzl, Michael; Fairhurst, Gorry; Dreibholz, Thomas; Elmokashfi, Ahmed Mustafa and Gjessing, Stein: ``On the Usability of Transport Protocols other than TCP: A Home Gateway and Internet Path Traversal Study´´ (PDF, 1887 KiB, 🇬🇧), in Computer Networks, vol. 173, Elsevier, DOI 10.1016/j.comnet.2020.107211, ISSN 1389-1286, May 22, 2020, [BibTeX, XML].
Keywords: Protocol Testing, SCTP, DCCP, UDP-Lite, NAT, Internet
Abstract: Network APIs are moving towards protocol agility, where applications express their needs but not a static protocol binding, and it is up to the layer below the API to choose a suitable protocol. The IETF Transport Services (TAPS) Working Group is standardizing a protocol-independent transport API and offering guidance to implementers. Apple’s recent “Network.framework” is specifically designed to allow such late and dynamic binding of protocols. When the network stack autonomously chooses and configures a protocol, it must first test which protocols are locally available and which work end-to-end (“protocol racing”). For this, it is important to know the set of available options, and which protocols should be tried first: Does it make sense to offer unchecked payload delivery, as with UDP-Lite? Is a UDP-based protocol like QUIC always a better choice, or should native SCTP be tried? This paper develops answers to such questions via (i) a NAT study in a local testbed, (ii) bidirectional Internet tests, (iii) a large scale Internet measurement campaign. The examined protocols are: SCTP, DCCP, UDP-Lite, UDP with a zero checksum and three different UDP encapsulations.
URL: https://web-backend.simula.no/sites/default/files/publications/files/comnets2020.pdf
MD5: 5ccb097435fedce9c617adeb99e5e5b0
Dreibholz, Thomas: ``Flexible 4G/5G Testbed Setup for Mobile Edge Computing using OpenAirInterface and Open Source MANO´´ (PDF, 228 KiB, 🇬🇧), in Proceedings of the 2nd International Workshop on Recent Advances for Multi-Clouds and Mobile Edge Computing (M2EC) in conjunction with the 34th International Conference on Advanced Information Networking and Applications (AINA), pp. 1143–1153, DOI 10.1007/978-3-030-44038-1_105, ISBN 978-3-030-44037-4, Caserta, Campania/Italy, April 15, 2020, [BibTeX, XML].
Keywords: Mobile Edge Computing, Network Function Virtualisation, Evolved Packet Core, Open Source MANO, OpenAirInterface, 5G
Abstract: Setting up a working 4G/5G mobile network development testbed can be a highly complicated and error-prone task. In this paper, we therefore introduce our open source Virtual Network Function (VNF) for an OpenAirInterface-based Evolved Packet Core (EPC) for deployment with the Open Source Management and Orchestration (Open Source MANO, OSM) framework. By using our VNF as basis, it will be easily possible to create own testbeds and extend them with further functionality, particularly – but not limited to – Mobile Edge Computing (MEC) setups. In a simple proof of concept, we demonstrate a basic transport protocol performance evaluation in a deployed test network.
URL: https://web-backend.simula.no/sites/default/files/publications/files/m2ec2020.pdf
MD5: 8af945e9913ec42f2d69d8a0fa22b42c
Dreibholz, Thomas: ``Easily Setting up 4G/5G Testbeds with OpenAirInterface using OSM´´ (PDF, 3100 KiB, 🇬🇧), Presentation at the OSM Hackfest, Madrid/Spain, March 11, 2020, [BibTeX, XML].
Keywords: Network Function Virtualisation, Evolved Packet Core, Open Source MANO, OpenAirInterface, 5G
Abstract: Setting up 4G/5G testbeds can be a highly complicated and error-prone task. In this presentation, we introduce our Open Source VNF and tool-chain for an OpenAirInterface-based EPC to be deployed with the OSM framework. Using our VNF and tool-chain as basis, it will be easily possible to create own testbeds, customise them and extend them with further functionalities.
URL: https://web-backend.simula.no/sites/default/files/publications/files/osmhackfest9-presentation.pdf
MD5: b2bdba640baf216815370dc8ad70734f
Barik, Runa; Welzl, Michael; Elmokashfi, Ahmed Mustafa; Dreibholz, Thomas; Islam, Safiqul and Gjessing, Stein: ``On the Utility of Unregulated IP DiffServ Code Point (DSCP) Usage by End Systems´´ (PDF, 1326 KiB, 🇬🇧), in Performance Evaluation, vol. 135, Elsevier, DOI 10.1016/j.peva.2019.102036, ISSN 0166-5316, August 26, 2019, [BibTeX, XML].
Keywords: DiffServ, DiffServ Code Point, QoS, WebRTC, Latency
Abstract: DiffServ was designed to implement service provider quality of service (QoS) policies, where routers change and react upon the DiffServ Code Point (DSCP) in the IP header. However, nowadays, applications are beginning to directly set the DSCP themselves, in the hope that this will yield a more appropriate service for their respective video, audio and data streams. WebRTC is a prime example of such an application. We present measurements, for both IPv4 and IPv6, of what happens to DSCP values along Internet paths after an end system has set them without any prior agreement between a customer and a service provider. We find that the DSCP is often changed or zeroed along the path, but detrimental effects from using the DSCP are extremely rare; moreover, DSCP values sometimes remain intact (potentially having an effect on traffic) for several AS hops. This positive result motivates an analysis of the potential latency impact from such DSCP usage, for which we present the first measurement results. We find that routers at approximately 3% of more than 100,000 links differentiate between the WebRTC DSCP values (EF, AF42 and CS1) and consistently reduce delay in comparison with probes carrying a zero value (CS0) under congestion. In contrast, routers at around 2% of these links increase the delay by a comparable amount under congestion, uniformly for EF, AF42 and CS1.
URL: https://web-backend.simula.no/sites/default/files/publications/files/peva2019.pdf
MD5: 399932a5294ce7b004f23b0e3c4f2df3
Dreibholz, Thomas: ``MELODIC at Hainan University: Combining NorNet Core with MELODIC´´ (PDF, 7379 KiB, 🇬🇧), Invited Talk at Hainan University, College of Information Science and Technology (CIST), Haikou, Hainan/People's Republic of China, April 18, 2019, [BibTeX, XML].
Keywords: Cloud Computing, MELODIC, Multi-Homing, NorNet Core, NorNet Testbed, OpenStack
Abstract: This talk gives a short overview over the possibilities of testing applications in the NorNet infrastructure. Furthermore, it presents a short overview of the ongoing work on integrating NorNet Core with the MELODIC multi-cloud infrastructure, including the NorNet Core setup at Hainan University and the Haikou College of Economics.
MD5: 0daa0309becaa93ba0df66787bdac2fe
Dreibholz, Thomas: ``MELODIC at Hainan University: An Introduction to the MELODIC Project´´ (PDF, 8108 KiB, 🇬🇧), Keynote Talk at Hainan University, College of Information Science and Technology (CIST), Haikou, Hainan/People's Republic of China, April 17, 2019, [BibTeX, XML].
Keywords: Cloud Computing, MELODIC, OpenStack, Big Data, Applications
Abstract: In former times, it was necessary to operate and maintain powerful personal computers to run applications. Nowadays, many "normal" users just use laptops, tablet PCs or smartphones. Their applications are powered by cloud systems in the background, which are operated in data centres at remote locations and being connected over the Internet. This presentation first introduces the basics of cloud computing: virtualisation, virtual machines, containers, and software as a service. A challenge of using cloud computing is to deploy services to cloud providers, in order to operate them in a cost-efficient way while providing the best application experience to the users. The vision of the Multi-Cloud Execution-Ware for Large-scale Optimised Data-Intensive Computing (MELODIC) project is to enable federated cloud computing for data-intensive applications. Furthermore, it provides the user with an easy-to-use, unified cloud environment, which hides the complexity of a multi-cloud. The second part of this presentation therefore provides an overview of the basic ideas and application use cases of MELODIC.
MD5: 931f7970895caa43236b89ddb370ddac
Dreibholz, Thomas: ``NorNet at Hainan University: Getting Started with NorNet Core´´ (PDF, 7286 KiB, 🇬🇧), Tutorial at Hainan University, College of Information Science and Technology (CIST), Haikou, Hainan/People's Republic of China, April 16, 2019, [BibTeX, XML].
Keywords: NorNet, NorNet Core, Testbed, Multi-Homing, Multi-Path Transport, Tutorial
Abstract: This tutorial – presented for students at the College of Information Science and Technology (CIST) at Hainan University – provides an introduction on how to get access to the NorNet Core testbed as well as how to run experiments in the testbed.
URL: https://web-backend.simula.no/sites/default/files/publications/files/china2019-nornet-tutorial.pdf
MD5: bfb88231c7e5c29d0343d3fed3f9a2bf
Dreibholz, Thomas: ``NorNet at Hainan University: From Simulations to Real-World Internet Measurements for Multi-Path Transport Research´´ (PDF, 17975 KiB, 🇬🇧), Keynote Talk at Hainan University, College of Information Science and Technology (CIST), Haikou, Hainan/People's Republic of China, April 15, 2019, [BibTeX, XML].
Keywords: NorNet, NorNet Core, NorNet Edge, Testbed, Multi-Homing, Introduction, Status
Abstract: A large fraction of the communication in the Internet is handled by the Transmission Control Protocol (TCP). Since the first deployments of this protocol more than 30 years ago, the spectrum of applications as well as the structure of the network have developed at a fast pace. For example, today's network devices, like smartphones and laptops – i.e. particularly many devices in the area of mobile computing – frequently have an interesting property: the existence of multiple IP addresses (IPv4 and/or IPv6). The addresses may even change due to mobility. This property, denoted as multi-homing, can be utilised for multi-path transport, i.e. the simultaneous usage of multiple paths in the network to improve performance. Multi-path transport is a hot topic in the Internet Engineering Task Force (IETF), which is the standardisation organisation for the Internet. This talk provides an overview of the work in the areas of multi-homing and multi-path transport, with focus on the area of the protocols TCP and Stream Control Transmission Protocol (SCTP) with their experimental extensions Multi-Path TCP (MPTCP) and Concurrent Multi-Path Transfer for SCTP (CMT-SCTP). It particularly shows the sequence of research and selected results, beginning from a simple simulation model, via lab setups and small Internet scenarios, up to the large-scale, international testbed project NorNet. NorNet, and particularly its landline network part NorNet Core, is furthermore described in some detail. Based on NorNet, it is finally possible to validate simulation results in real-world, multi-homed networks, in order to provide valuable input to the ongoing IETF standardisation processes of MPTCP and CMT-SCTP. Particularly, it will also show how the NorNet testbed can be utilised for research at Hainan University.
MD5: e772349a001d337ecb15b28e34cefc86
Barik, Runa; Welzl, Michael; Fairhurst, Gorry; Dreibholz, Thomas; Elmokashfi, Ahmed Mustafa and Gjessing, Stein: ``Native SCTP, DCCP, UDP-Lite and Home Gateway NATs´´ (PDF, 80 KiB, 🇬🇧), in Proceedings of the 104th IETF Meeting, Praha/Czech Republic, March 28, 2019, [BibTeX, XML].
MD5: 83992b2612501e88a1cb746e116b0e49
Luo, Yu; Zhou, Xing; Dreibholz, Thomas and Kuang, Hanbao: ``A Real-Time Video Streaming System over IPv6+MPTCP Technology´´ (PDF, 212 KiB, 🇬🇧), in Proceedings of the 1st International Workshop on Recent Advances for Multi-Clouds and Mobile Edge Computing (M2EC) in conjunction with the 33rd International Conference on Advanced Information Networking and Applications (AINA), pp. 1007–1019, DOI 10.1007/978-3-030-15035-8_99, ISBN 978-3-030-15034-1, Matsue, Shimane/Japan, March 27, 2019, [BibTeX, XML].
Keywords: Video Streaming Platform, IPv6, MPTCP, Load Balancing, Resilience
Abstract: Today, a steadily increasing number of users are not just passively consuming Internet content, but also share and publish content. Users publish text, photos and videos. With the availability of 5G high-speed, low-latency mobile broadband networks, real-time video streaming will also be possible. We believe this will become a very popular application in the coming years. But the more popular a service is, the higher the need for resilience. In this paper, we introduce our work-in-progress live video streaming platform for future mobile edge computing scenarios, which makes use of MPTCP+IPv6 to support multi-homing for resilience and multi-path transport for load balancing. As a proof of concept, we will show that the platform is (1) compatible with IPv6, (2) utilizes load balancing when possible and (3) provides robustness by network redundancy.
URL: https://web-backend.simula.no/sites/default/files/publications/files/m2ec2019-videostreaming.pdf
MD5: 724099429d06664fda7dab312b962cf2
Dreibholz, Thomas; Mazumdar, Somnath; Zahid, Feroz; Taherkordi, Amirhosein and Gran, Ernst Gunnar: ``Mobile Edge as Part of the Multi-Cloud Ecosystem: A Performance Study´´ (PDF, 9966 KiB, 🇬🇧), in Proceedings of the 27th Euromicro International Conference on Parallel, Distributed and Network-Based Processing (PDP), pp. 59–66, DOI 10.1109/EMPDP.2019.8671599, ISBN 978-1-7281-1644-0, Pavia, Lombardia/Italy, February 13, 2019, [BibTeX, XML].
Keywords: Cloud Computing, Latency, Mobile Edge Computing, Multi-Cloud, Performance
Abstract: Cloud computing has revolutionized the way of application usage and deployment: applications run cost-effectively in remote data centers. With the increasing need for mobility and micro-services, particularly with the upcoming 5G mobile broadband networks, there is also a strong demand for mobile edge computing (MEC): applications run in small cloud systems in close proximity to the user, in order to minimize latencies. Both cloud and MEC have their advantages and disadvantages. Combining the two approaches in a unified multi-cloud, consisting of both traditional cloud services provisioned over heterogeneous cloud platforms and MEC systems, has the potential of obtaining the best out of both worlds. However, a comprehensive study is needed to evaluate the performance gains and the overheads involved for real-world cloud applications. In this paper, we introduce a baseline performance evaluation in order to identify the fallacies and pitfalls of combining multiple cloud systems and MEC into a unified MEC-multi-cloud platform. For this purpose, we analyze the basic, application-independent performance metrics of average round-trip time (RTT) and average application payload throughput in a setup consisting of two private and one public cloud systems. This baseline performance analysis confirms the feasibility of MEC-multi-cloud, and provides guidelines for designing an autonomic resource provisioning solutions, in terms of an extension proposed to our existing Melodic middleware platform for multi-cloud applications.
URL: https://web-backend.simula.no/sites/default/files/publications/files/pdp2019-web.pdf
MD5: ec3ccc12f5e74208bbcb2f363f019be9
Dreibholz, Thomas: ``NorNet at the University of Sydney: From Simulations to Real-World Internet Measurements for Multi-Path Transport Research´´ (PDF, 17078 KiB, 🇬🇧), Invited Talk at University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales/Australia, January 10, 2019, [BibTeX, XML].
Keywords: NorNet, NorNet Core, NorNet Edge, Testbed, Multi-Homing, Introduction, Status
Abstract: A large fraction of the communication in the Internet is handled by the Transmission Control Protocol (TCP). Since the first deployments of this protocol more than 30 years ago, the spectrum of applications as well as the structure of the network have developed at a fast pace. For example, today's network devices, like smartphones and laptops – i.e. particularly many devices in the area of mobile computing – frequently have an interesting property: the existence of multiple IP addresses (IPv4 and/or IPv6). The addresses may even change due to mobility. This property, denoted as multi-homing, can be utilised for multi-path transport, i.e. the simultaneous usage of multiple paths in the network to improve performance. Multi-path transport is a hot topic in the Internet Engineering Task Force (IETF), which is the standardisation organisation for the Internet. This talk provides an overview of the work in the areas of multi-homing and multi-path transport, with focus on the area of the protocols TCP and Stream Control Transmission Protocol (SCTP) with their experimental extensions Multi-Path TCP (MPTCP) and Concurrent Multi-Path Transfer for SCTP (CMT-SCTP). It particularly shows the sequence of research and selected results, beginning from a simple simulation model, via lab setups and small Internet scenarios, up to the large-scale, international testbed project NorNet. NorNet, and particularly its landline network part NorNet Core, is furthermore described in some detail. Based on NorNet, it is finally possible to validate simulation results in real-world, multi-homed networks, in order to provide valuable input to the ongoing IETF standardisation processes of MPTCP and CMT-SCTP. Particularly, it will also show how the NorNet testbed can be utilised for research at the University of Sydney.
URL: https://web-backend.simula.no/sites/default/files/publications/files/sydney2019-presentation.pdf
MD5: 8e5c35e9b396565a42c5cb24d208bd1f
Tan, Qining; Yang, Xuelei; Zhao, Lan; Zhou, Xing and Dreibholz, Thomas: ``A Statistic Procedure to Find Formulae for Buffer Size in MPTCP´´ (PDF, 1747 KiB, 🇬🇧), in Proceedings of the 3rd IEEE Advanced Information Technology, Electronic and Automation Control Conference (IAEAC), pp. 900–907, DOI 10.1109/IAEAC.2018.8577570, ISBN 978-1-5386-4509-3, Chongqing/People's Republic of China, October 13, 2018, [BibTeX, XML].
Keywords: Multi-Path TCP (MPTCP), Buffer Size, Throughput, Statistical Predictive Modelling, Congestion Control
Abstract: It has been shown that the Multi-Path Transmission Control Protocol (MPTCP) can improve throughput, robustness and resilience of network transport. This paper seeks to discover the relationship of buffer size with throughput and congestion control algorithms, based on the statistical predictive modelling method. In spite of rapid growth of the implementations of MPTCP, the theoretical and fundamental question –- how large the buffer size of MPTCP should be to meet the network traffic -– remains unaddressed, although there were graphic illustrations and descriptive discussions about it.
URL: https://web-backend.simula.no/sites/default/files/publications/files/iaeac2018-web.pdf
MD5: aa33f9937c7cfa4a0e666d35986a5f48
Barik, Runa; Welzl, Michael; Elmokashfi, Ahmed Mustafa; Dreibholz, Thomas and Gjessing, Stein: ``Can WebRTC QoS Work? A DSCP Measurement Study´´ (PDF, 318 KiB, 🇬🇧), in Proceedings of the 30th International Teletraffic Congress (ITC), pp. 167–175, DOI 10.1109/ITC30.2018.00034, ISBN 978-0-9883045-5-0, Wien/Austria, September 6, 2018, [BibTeX, XML].
Keywords: Measurement, Fling, DSCP, Ingress, Egress
Abstract: DiffServ was designed to implement service provider quality of service (QoS) policies, where ingress and egress routers change the DiffServ Code Point (DSCP) in the IP header. However, nowadays, applications are beginning to directly set the DSCP themselves, in the hope that this will yield a more appropriate service for their respective video, audio and data streams. WebRTC is a prime example of such an application. As a first step towards understanding whether "WebRTC QoS works", we measured, for both IPv4 and IPv6, what happens to DSCP values along Internet paths. Our study is based on end-to-end measurements from 160 IPv4 and 65 IPv6 geographically spread controlled probe clients to 34 IPv4 and 18 IPv6 servers respectively. Clearly, when the DSCP value is changed, the net result may not be what the application desired. We find that this happens often, and conclude with recommendations on how to improve WebRTC and other applications using the DSCP.
URL: https://web-backend.simula.no/sites/default/files/publications/files/itc30.pdf
MD5: 61250e710bd427bef09802e076ff4185
Dreibholz, Thomas: ``Big Data Applications on Multi-Clouds: An Introduction to the MELODIC Project´´ (PDF, 11377 KiB, 🇬🇧), Keynote Talk at Hainan University, College of Information Science and Technology (CIST), Haikou, Hainan/People's Republic of China, December 29, 2017, [BibTeX, XML].
Keywords: Cloud Computing, MELODIC, OpenStack, Big Data, Applications
Abstract: In former times, it was necessary to operate and maintain powerful personal computers to run applications. Nowadays, many "normal" users just use laptops, tablet PCs or smartphones. Their applications are powered by cloud systems in the background, which are operated in data centres at remote locations and being connected over the Internet. This presentation first introduces the basics of cloud computing: virtualisation, virtual machines, containers, and software as a service. A challenge of using cloud computing is to deploy services to cloud providers, in order to operate them in a cost-efficient way while providing the best application experience to the users. The vision of the Multi-Cloud Execution-Ware for Large-scale Optimised Data-Intensive Computing (MELODIC) project is to enable federated cloud computing for data-intensive applications. Furthermore, it provides the user with an easy-to-use, unified cloud environment, which hides the complexity of a multi-cloud. The second part of this presentation therefore provides an overview of the basic ideas and application use cases of MELODIC.
MD5: 78406b60a0eb59d72adf177f427ed542
Dreibholz, Thomas: ``Combining NorNet Core with MELODIC´´ (PDF, 10777 KiB, 🇬🇧), Invited Talk at Hainan University, College of Information Science and Technology (CIST), Haikou, Hainan/People's Republic of China, December 29, 2017, [BibTeX, XML].
Keywords: Cloud Computing, MELODIC, Multi-Homing, NorNet Core, NorNet Testbed, OpenStack
Abstract: This talk gives a short overview over the possibilities of testing applications in the NorNet infrastructure. Furthermore, it presents a short overview of the ongoing work on integrating NorNet Core with the MELODIC multi-cloud infrastructure, including the NorNet Core setup at Hainan University and the Haikou College of Economics.
MD5: 9ade823e423387685270004ad3561220
Dreibholz, Thomas: ``NEAT Tutorial at Hainan University: Getting Started with NEAT´´ (PDF, 3199 KiB, 🇬🇧), Invited Talk at Hainan University, College of Information Science and Technology (CIST), Haikou, Hainan/People's Republic of China, December 18, 2017, [BibTeX, XML].
Keywords: NEAT, NEAT Sockets API, Client, Server, Programming, Examples, NorNet Core
Abstract: The goal of NEAT (A New, Evolutive API and Transport-Layer Architecture for the Internet) is to allow network "services" offered to applications – such as reliability, low-delay communication or security – to be dynamically tailored based on application demands, current network conditions, hardware capabilities or local policies, and also to support the integration of new network functionality in an evolutionary fashion, without applications having to be rewritten. This talk gives a practical introduction to NEAT from a developer's perspective: after an introduction to NEAT, the APIs and in particular the NEAT Sockets API are explained. This is followed by pseudo-code examples and finally running-code examples. These running-code examples particularly also show how to use NEAT in NorNet Core
URL: https://web-backend.simula.no/sites/default/files/publications/files/haikou2017-neat-tutorial.pdf
MD5: 3a3d41b926ad3b6e7cad46b6f4372f7e
Dreibholz, Thomas: ``NorNet Core Beginner Tutorial at Hainan University´´ (PDF, 4987 KiB, 🇬🇧), Tutorial at Hainan University, College of Information Science and Technology (CIST), Haikou, Hainan/People's Republic of China, December 15, 2017, [BibTeX, XML].
Keywords: NorNet, NorNet Core, Testbed, Multi-Homing, Multi-Path Transport, Tutorial
Abstract: This tutorial – presented for students at the College of Information Science and Technology (CIST) at Hainan University – provides an introduction on how to get access to the NorNet Core testbed as well as how to run experiments in the testbed.
MD5: dd54c96d743be34c823d3d26f2268a0d
Dreibholz, Thomas: ``An Introduction to Multi-Path Transport at Hainan University´´ (PDF, 14797 KiB, 🇬🇧), Keynote Talk at Hainan University, College of Information Science and Technology (CIST), Haikou, Hainan/People's Republic of China, December 14, 2017, [BibTeX, XML].
Keywords: NorNet, NorNet Core, NorNet Edge, Testbed, Multi-Homing, Introduction, Status
Abstract: A large fraction of the communication in the Internet is handled by the Transmission Control Protocol (TCP). Since the first deployments of this protocol more than 30 years ago, the spectrum of applications as well as the structure of the network have developed at a fast pace. For example, today's network devices, like smartphones and laptops – i.e. particularly many devices in the area of mobile computing – frequently have an interesting property: the existence of multiple IP addresses (IPv4 and/or IPv6). The addresses may even change due to mobility. This property, denoted as multi-homing, can be utilised for multi-path transport, i.e. the simultaneous usage of multiple paths in the network to improve performance. Multi-path transport is a hot topic in the Internet Engineering Task Force (IETF), which is the standardisation organisation for the Internet. This talk provides an overview of the work in the areas of multi-homing and multi-path transport, with focus on the area of the protocols TCP and Stream Control Transmission Protocol (SCTP) with their experimental extensions Multi-Path TCP (MPTCP) and Concurrent Multi-Path Transfer for SCTP (CMT-SCTP). It particularly shows the sequence of research and selected results, beginning from a simple simulation model, via lab setups and small Internet scenarios, up to the large-scale, international testbed project NorNet. NorNet, and particularly its landline network part NorNet Core, is furthermore described in some detail. Based on NorNet, it is finally possible to validate simulation results in real-world, multi-homed networks, in order to provide valuable input to the ongoing IETF standardisation processes of MPTCP and CMT-SCTP. Particularly, it will also show how the NorNet testbed can be utilised for research at Hainan University.
MD5: ece75d74aefc18d93d4ae7728ffadf5b
Dreibholz, Thomas: ``Testing Applications with the NorNet Infrastructure´´ (PDF, 11995 KiB, 🇬🇧), in Proceedings of the MELODIC Plenary Meeting, Warszawa, Masovia/Poland, September 21, 2017, [BibTeX, XML].
Keywords: Cloud Computing, MELODIC, Multi-Homing, NorNet Core, NorNet Testbed, OpenStack
Abstract: This talk gives a short overview over the possibilities of testing applications in the NorNet infrastructure. Furthermore, it presents a short overview of the ongoing work on integrating NorNet Core with the MELODIC multi-cloud infrastructure.
URL: https://web-backend.simula.no/sites/default/files/publications/files/melodic-warsaw2017.pdf
MD5: d7f500252a941682c5de800875a9e1c3
Weinrank, Felix; Grinnemo, Karl-Johan; Bozakov, Zdravko; Brunström, Anna; Dreibholz, Thomas; Hurtig, Per; Khademi, Naeem and Tüxen, Michael: ``A NEAT Way to Browse the Web´´ (PDF, 417 KiB, 🇬🇧), Demo Presentation, in Proceedings of the ACM, IRTF and ISOC Applied Networking Research Workshop (ANRW), pp. 33–34, DOI 10.1145/3106328.3106335, ISBN 978-1-4503-5108-9, Praha/Czech Republic, July 15, 2017, [BibTeX, XML].
Keywords: NEAT, Ossification, Transport Selection, Transport Service, SCTP, TCP
Abstract: There is a growing concern that the Internet transport layer has become ossified in the face of emerging novel applications, and that further evolution has become very difficult. The NEAT system is a novel and evolvable transport system that decouples applications from the underlying transport layer and network services. In so doing, it facilitates dynamic transport selection. This demo shows how the NEAT system is able to dynamically select the most appropriate transport solution for the Mozilla Firefox web browser.
URL: https://web-backend.simula.no/sites/default/files/publications/files/anrw17-final13.pdf
MD5: 88e5c2bc95ec7b070cf838734646bcfe
Dreibholz, Thomas: ``Multi-Path Transport at Hainan University – From Simulations to Real-World Internet Measurements in the NorNet Testbed´´ (PDF, 14797 KiB, 🇬🇧), Keynote Talk at Hainan University, College of Information Science and Technology (CIST), Haikou, Hainan/People's Republic of China, April 18, 2017, [BibTeX, XML].
Keywords: NorNet, NorNet Core, NorNet Edge, Testbed, Multi-Homing, Introduction, Status
Abstract: A large fraction of the communication in the Internet is handled by the Transmission Control Protocol (TCP). Since the first deployments of this protocol more than 30 years ago, the spectrum of applications as well as the structure of the network have developed at a fast pace. For example, today's network devices, like smartphones and laptops – i.e. particularly many devices in the area of mobile computing – frequently have an interesting property: the existence of multiple IP addresses (IPv4 and/or IPv6). The addresses may even change due to mobility. This property, denoted as multi-homing, can be utilised for multi-path transport, i.e. the simultaneous usage of multiple paths in the network to improve performance. Multi-path transport is a hot topic in the Internet Engineering Task Force (IETF), which is the standardisation organisation for the Internet. This talk provides an overview of the work in the areas of multi-homing and multi-path transport, with focus on the area of the protocols TCP and Stream Control Transmission Protocol (SCTP) with their experimental extensions Multi-Path TCP (MPTCP) and Concurrent Multi-Path Transfer for SCTP (CMT-SCTP). It particularly shows the sequence of research and selected results, beginning from a simple simulation model, via lab setups and small Internet scenarios, up to the large-scale, international testbed project NorNet. NorNet, and particularly its landline network part NorNet Core, is furthermore described in some detail. Based on NorNet, it is finally possible to validate simulation results in real-world, multi-homed networks, in order to provide valuable input to the ongoing IETF standardisation processes of MPTCP and CMT-SCTP. Particularly, it will also show how the NorNet testbed can be utilised for research at Hainan University.
MD5: ece75d74aefc18d93d4ae7728ffadf5b
Dreibholz, Thomas: ``The Basics of Using the NorNet Core Testbed at Hainan University´´ (PDF, 4987 KiB, 🇬🇧), Tutorial at Hainan University, College of Information Science and Technology (CIST), Haikou, Hainan/People's Republic of China, April 18, 2017, [BibTeX, XML].
Keywords: NorNet, NorNet Core, Testbed, Multi-Homing, Multi-Path Transport, Tutorial
Abstract: This tutorial – presented for students at the College of Information Science and Technology (CIST) at Hainan University – provides an introduction on how to get access to the NorNet Core testbed as well as how to run experiments in the testbed.
URL: https://web-backend.simula.no/sites/default/files/publications/files/haikou2017-nornet-tutorial.pdf
MD5: dd54c96d743be34c823d3d26f2268a0d
Dreibholz, Thomas: ``A Practical Introduction to NEAT at Hainan University´´ (PDF, 866 KiB, 🇬🇧), Invited Talk at Hainan University, College of Information Science and Technology (CIST), Haikou, Hainan/People's Republic of China, April 17, 2017, [BibTeX, XML].
Keywords: NEAT, NEAT Sockets API, Client, Server, Programming, Examples, NorNet Core
Abstract: The goal of NEAT (A New, Evolutive API and Transport-Layer Architecture for the Internet) is to allow network "services" offered to applications – such as reliability, low-delay communication or security – to be dynamically tailored based on application demands, current network conditions, hardware capabilities or local policies, and also to support the integration of new network functionality in an evolutionary fashion, without applications having to be rewritten. This talk gives a practical introduction to NEAT from a developer's perspective: after an introduction to NEAT, the APIs and in particular the NEAT Sockets API are explained. This is followed by pseudo-code examples and finally running-code examples. These running-code examples particularly also show how to use NEAT in NorNet Core
MD5: 0da3ed198c7c49822d6626281f3dd270
Wang, Kun; Dreibholz, Thomas; Zhou, Xing; Fu, Fa; Tan, Yuyin; Cheng, Xi and Tan, Qining: ``On the Path Management of Multi-Path TCP in Internet Scenarios based on the NorNet Testbed´´ (PDF, 379 KiB, 🇬🇧), in Proceedings of the IEEE International Conference on Advanced Information Networking and Applications (AINA), pp. 1–8, DOI 10.1109/AINA.2017.29, ISBN 978-1-5090-6028-3, Taipei, Taiwan/People's Republic of China, March 27, 2017, [BibTeX, XML].
Keywords: Multi-Path Transport, Multi-Path TCP (MPTCP), Resilience, Path Management, Congestion Control, Configuration
Abstract: With the rapid development of Internet communications, there is a growing demand to support devices being connected to multiple Internet service providers simultaneously. For example, every modern smartphone already provides at least mobile broadband (UMTS, LTE) as well as Wi-Fi interfaces. This multi-homing property can be used for resilience, but there is also an increasing interest in making use of concurrent multi-path transport. That is, multiple network paths can be utilised simultaneously, in order to improve the payload throughput for applications like big data or cloud computing. In this paper, we examine the performance of multi-path transport in real-world Internet setups, based on Multi-Path TCP (MPTCP) in the NorNet testbed for multi-homed systems. However, systems in such challenging setups need proper configuration. Therefore, we particularly would like to highlight the performance impact of different path management and congestion control settings in such realistic scenarios.
URL: https://web-backend.simula.no/sites/default/files/publications/files/kunwang-paper-web.pdf
MD5: 28dbde48237a546a430f386474476c17
Zhou, Feng; Dreibholz, Thomas; Zhou, Xing; Fu, Fa; Tan, Yuyin and Gan, Quan: ``The Performance Impact of Buffer Sizes for Multi-Path TCP in Internet Setups´´ (PDF, 1006 KiB, 🇬🇧), in Proceedings of the IEEE International Conference on Advanced Information Networking and Applications (AINA), pp. 9–16, DOI 10.1109/AINA.2017.26, ISBN 978-1-5090-6028-3, Taipei, Taiwan/People's Republic of China, March 27, 2017, [BibTeX, XML].
Keywords: Multi-Path Transport, Multi-Path TCP (MPTCP), Buffer Size, Throughput, Robustness
Abstract: The Multi-Path Transmission Control Protocol (MPTCP) is the new concurrent multi-path transfer extension for the widely-deployed Transmission Control Protocol (TCP). Of course, having multiple and possibly highly dissimilar paths for transmission is a challenge for the management of the send and receive buffers, since optimal throughput is desired with a reasonable allocation of the limited memory resources in MPTCP endpoints. This is particularly important when many MPTCP connections have to be handled simultaneously. This paper measures out the required MPTCP buffer size in the real-world Internet testbed NorNet, comparing theoretical size and real size to analyse MPTCP performance. The experiment shows that multi-path transmission can effectively increase the application payload throughput, and greatly improve the robustness of the data transmission. As an important point of this paper, we can show that appropriate buffer size settings can increase the payload throughput, while not wasting resources. This paper has certain significance for further accurately determining the optimal buffer size settings for multi-path transmission in large-scale Internet setups.
URL: https://web-backend.simula.no/sites/default/files/publications/files/fengzhou-mptcp-web.pdf
MD5: a1ef777ccb72a3d160bd59fb377879ea
Dreibholz, Thomas: ``An Experiment Tutorial for the NorNet Core Testbed at the the Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha´´ (PDF, 5244 KiB, 🇬🇧), Tutorial at the Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha, Instituto de Investigación Informática de Albacete, Albacete, Castilla-La Mancha/Spain, February 16, 2017, [BibTeX, XML].
Keywords: NorNet, NorNet Core, Testbed, Multi-Homing, Multi-Path Transport, Tutorial
Abstract: This tutorial – presented for staff members and students at the Instituto de Investigación Informática de Albacete of the the Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha – provides an introduction on how to get access to the NorNet Core testbed as well as how to run experiments in the testbed.
URL: https://web-backend.simula.no/sites/default/files/publications/files/uclm2017-nornet-tutorial.pdf
MD5: fc137937a18e3b14ff370926de13c094
Dreibholz, Thomas: ``Multi-Path Transport – From Simulations to Real-World Internet Measurements´´ (PDF, 14631 KiB, 🇬🇧), Keynote Talk at the Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha, Instituto de Investigación Informática de Albacete, Albacete, Castilla-La Mancha/Spain, February 16, 2017, [BibTeX, XML].
Keywords: Multi-Path Transport, Multi-Path TCP (MPTCP), Concurrent Multi-Path Transfer for the Stream Control Transmission Protocol (CMT-SCTP), Simulations, Lab Measurements, Internet Measurements, NorNet Testbed, NorNet Core
Abstract: A large fraction of the communication in the Internet is handled by the Transmission Control Protocol (TCP). Since the first deployments of this protocol more than 30 years ago, the spectrum of applications as well as the structure of the network have developed at a fast pace. For example, today's network devices, like smartphones and laptops – i.e. particularly many devices in the area of mobile computing – frequently have an interesting property: the existence of multiple IP addresses (IPv4 and/or IPv6). The addresses may even change due to mobility. This property, denoted as multi-homing, can be utilised for multi-path transport, i.e. the simultaneous usage of multiple paths in the network to improve performance. Multi-path transport is a hot topic in the Internet Engineering Task Force (IETF), which is the standardisation organisation for the Internet. This talk provides an overview of the work in the areas of multi-homing and multi-path transport, with focus on the area of the protocols TCP and Stream Control Transmission Protocol (SCTP) with their experimental extensions Multi-Path TCP (MPTCP) and Concurrent Multi-Path Transfer for SCTP (CMT-SCTP). It particularly shows the sequence of research and selected results, beginning from a simple simulation model, via lab setups and small Internet scenarios, up to the large-scale, international testbed project NorNet. NorNet, and particularly its landline network part NorNet Core, is furthermore described in some detail. Based on NorNet, it is finally possible to validate simulation results in real-world, multi-homed networks, in order to provide valuable input to the ongoing IETF standardisation processes of MPTCP and CMT-SCTP.
MD5: 9bf3211e05f81f9e2950c956ca8aff18
Dreibholz, Thomas: ``Multi-Path Transport with OMNeT++ and the INET Framework´´ (PDF, 4367 KiB, 🇬🇧), Invited Talk at the Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha, Instituto de Investigación Informática de Albacete, Albacete, Castilla-La Mancha/Spain, February 16, 2017, [BibTeX, XML].
Keywords: Multi-Path Transport, OMNeT++, INET Framework, Stream Control Transmission Protocol, SCTP, Concurrent Multipath Transfer, CMT, CMT-SCTP, NetPerfMeter, SimProcTC
Abstract: In order to evaluate the performance of multi-path transport protocols, a straightforward initial step is to perform simulations. OMNeT++, together with the INET Framework, provide a powerful Open Source platform for running network simulations. This talk provides an overview of simulating multi-path transport with OMNeT++ and the INET Framework. Particular focus is on the Concurrent Multipath Transfer extension for the Stream Control Transmission Protocol (SCTP). Furthermore, useful additions like the NetPerfMeter application model, the extended network auto-configurator as well as the Simulation Processing Tool-Chain (SimProcTC) are explained.
URL: https://web-backend.simula.no/sites/default/files/publications/files/uclm2017-inet-presentation.pdf
MD5: 3f419d15dbbf273d69067d6ab0b0aa07
Dreibholz, Thomas: ``An Experiment Tutorial for the NorNet Core Testbed at the University of Sydney´´ (PDF, 4829 KiB, 🇬🇧), Tutorial at University of Sydney, School of Information Technologies, Sydney, New South Wales/Australia, January 24, 2017, [BibTeX, XML].
Keywords: NorNet, NorNet Core, Testbed, Multi-Homing, Multi-Path Transport, Tutorial
Abstract: This tutorial – presented for Ph.D. students at the School of Information Technologies of the University of Sydney – provides an introduction on how to get access to the NorNet Core testbed as well as how to run experiments in the testbed.
URL: https://web-backend.simula.no/sites/default/files/publications/files/sydney-tutorial.pdf
MD5: d3154a5ac9aa2ec045c406d15ee51da7
Dreibholz, Thomas: ``NorNet at the University of Sydney – An Introduction to the NorNet Core Testbed´´ (PDF, 11848 KiB, 🇬🇧), Invited Talk at University of Sydney, School of Information Technologies, Sydney, New South Wales/Australia, January 24, 2017, [BibTeX, XML].
Keywords: NorNet, NorNet Core, Testbed, Multi-Homing, Introduction, Status
Abstract: Multi-homing denotes the simultaneous connection of endpoints (e.g. cloud servers, smartphones, etc.) to multiple Internet Service Providers (ISP). That is, the endpoints remain reachable even when some of the ISPs have problems (e.g. malfunction of hardware or break of cables). Besides the redundancy aspect, multi-homing can also make load sharing by multi-path transport possible, i.e. increasing the application throughput by utilising multiple paths simultaneously. Multi-path transport can e.g. be realised by Concurrent Multi-Path Transfer for SCTP (CMT-SCTP) and Multi-Path TCP (MPTCP), two protocols that are currently under standardisation in the IETF. The growing need for and deployment of multi-homed applications makes large-scale testing and evaluation in realistic Internet setups necessary. For instance, different paths can have very different characteristics with regard to bandwidth, packet loss rate, congestion, delay and jitter. Therefore, the NorNet project of the Simula Research Laboratory is building up an open platform for such experiments: the NorNet testbed. It provides programmable nodes with multiple ISP connections – wired as well as wireless – that are distributed all over Norway as well as some international locations. This talk will give an overview over NorNet's wired network part NorNet Core. Particularly, it will also show how the NorNet Core testbed can be utilised for research at the University of Sydney.
URL: https://web-backend.simula.no/sites/default/files/publications/files/sydney2017-presentation.pdf
MD5: e5f885e46a6b34b6fdcaf44fc77adde1
Dreibholz, Thomas: ``NorNet – Building an Inter-Continental Internet Testbed based on Open Source Software´´ (PDF, 9587 KiB, 🇬🇧), in Proceedings of the LinuxCon Europe, Berlin/Germany, October 5, 2016, [BibTeX, XML].
Keywords: NorNet Testbed, Multi-Path Transport, Resilience, Virtualisation, Linux, Open Source
Abstract: NorNet is an open, international Internet testbed platform for research on multi-homed systems. Multi-homed systems have the property of being connected to multiple Internet Service Providers (ISP) simultaneously, in order to still provide connectivity in case of ISP/network failures. Basis of NorNet is Linux, together with other Open Source software. At the moment, the testbed infrastructure spreads over 21 sites on 4 continents. NorNet makes extensive use of advanced Linux features like virtualisation, file system features, routing rules, SCTP, MPTCP, and more. The global distribution creates further challenges. Goal of this talk is therefore to provide an overview of the problems that occurred when building the testbed, as well as solutions and lessons learned from solving these challenges. The idea is to present guidelines for utilising the advanced Linux features in own projects.
URL: https://web-backend.simula.no/sites/default/files/publications/files/linuxcon2016-presentation.pdf
MD5: 835722bb90f2cf4e0aab67be150396b5
Yedugundla, Kiran Venkata; Ferlin, Simone; Dreibholz, Thomas; Alay, Özgü; Kuhn, Nicolas; Hurtig, Per and Brunström, Anna: ``Is Multi-Path Transport Suitable for Latency Sensitive Traffic?´´ (PDF, 4525 KiB, 🇬🇧), in Computer Networks, vol. 105, pp. 1–21, Elsevier, DOI 10.1016/j.comnet.2016.05.008, ISSN 1389-1286, August 4, 2016, [BibTeX, XML].
Keywords: Internet, Latency, Multi-Path Communication, Transport Protocols, MPTCP, CMT-SCTP
Abstract: This paper assesses whether multi-path communication can help latency-sensitive applications to satisfy the requirements of their users. We consider Concurrent Multi-path Transfer for SCTP (CMT-SCTP) and Multi-Path TCP (MPTCP) and evaluate their proficiency in transporting video, gaming, and web traffic over combinations of WLAN and 3G interfaces. To ensure the validity of our evaluation, several experimental approaches were used including simulation, emulation and live experiments. When paths are symmetric in terms of capacity, delay and loss rate, we find that the experienced latency is significantly reduced, compared to using a single path. Using multiple asymmetric paths does not affect latency – applications do not experience any increase or decrease, but might benefit from other advantages of multi-path communication. In the light of our conclusions, multi-path transport is suitable for latency-sensitive traffic and mature enough to be widely deployed.
URL: https://web-backend.simula.no/sites/default/files/publications/files/comnets2016-multipathsurvey.pdf
MD5: 568dbefc09c209fa4d5598258d7f0831
Dreibholz, Thomas: ``NorNet – The Internet Testbed for Multi-Homed Systems´´ (PDF, 11198 KiB, 🇬🇧), in Proceedings of the Multi-Service Networks Conference (MSN, Coseners), Abingdon, Oxfordshire/United Kingdom, July 8, 2016, [BibTeX, XML].
Keywords: NorNet, NorNet Core, NorNet Edge, Testbed, Multi-Homing, Introduction, Overview
Abstract: Multi-homing denotes the simultaneous connection of endpoints (e.g. cloud servers, smartphones, etc.) to multiple Internet Service Providers (ISP). That is, the endpoints remain reachable even when some of the ISPs have problems (e.g. malfunction of hardware or break of cables). Besides the redundancy aspect, multi-homing can also make load sharing by multi-path transport possible, i.e. increasing the application throughput by utilising multiple paths simultaneously. Multi-path transport can e.g. be realised by Concurrent Multi-Path Transfer for SCTP (CMT-SCTP) and Multi-Path TCP (MPTCP), two protocols that are currently under standardisation in the IETF. The growing need for and deployment of multi-homed applications makes large-scale testing and evaluation in realistic Internet setups necessary. For instance, different paths can have very different characteristics with regard to bandwidth, packet loss rate, congestion, delay and jitter. Therefore, the NorNet project of the Simula Research Laboratory is building up an open platform for such experiments: the NorNet testbed. It provides programmable nodes with multiple ISP connections – wired as well as wireless – that are distributed all over Norway as well as some international locations. This talk will give an overview over NorNet.
URL: https://web-backend.simula.no/sites/default/files/publications/files/msn2016-presentation.pdf
MD5: 693855de478247f1b9ac6be6e93c2af5
Dreibholz, Thomas: ``An Experiment Tutorial for the NorNet Core Testbed at Hainan University´´ (PDF, 7304 KiB, 🇬🇧), Tutorial at Hainan University, College of Information Science and Technology (CIST), Haikou, Hainan/People's Republic of China, May 29, 2016, [BibTeX, XML].
Keywords: NorNet, NorNet Core, Testbed, Multi-Homing, Multi-Path Transport, Tutorial
Abstract: This tutorial – presented for students at the College of Information Science and Technology (CIST) at Hainan University – provides an introduction on how to get access to the NorNet Core testbed as well as how to run experiments in the testbed.
MD5: 65d8e35c633a55315b7f72a764d7d970
Dreibholz, Thomas: ``NorNet at Hainan University – An Introduction to the NorNet Testbed´´ (PDF, 13840 KiB, 🇬🇧), Invited Talk at Hainan University, College of Information Science and Technology (CIST), Haikou, Hainan/People's Republic of China, May 29, 2016, [BibTeX, XML].
Keywords: NorNet, NorNet Core, NorNet Edge, Testbed, Multi-Homing, Introduction, Status
Abstract: Multi-homing denotes the simultaneous connection of endpoints (e.g. cloud servers, smartphones, etc.) to multiple Internet Service Providers (ISP). That is, the endpoints remain reachable even when some of the ISPs have problems (e.g. malfunction of hardware or break of cables). Besides the redundancy aspect, multi-homing can also make load sharing by multi-path transport possible, i.e. increasing the application throughput by utilising multiple paths simultaneously. Multi-path transport can e.g. be realised by Concurrent Multi-Path Transfer for SCTP (CMT-SCTP) and Multi-Path TCP (MPTCP), two protocols that are currently under standardisation in the IETF. The growing need for and deployment of multi-homed applications makes large-scale testing and evaluation in realistic Internet setups necessary. For instance, different paths can have very different characteristics with regard to bandwidth, packet loss rate, congestion, delay and jitter. Therefore, the NorNet project of the Simula Research Laboratory is building up an open platform for such experiments: the NorNet testbed. It provides programmable nodes with multiple ISP connections – wired as well as wireless – that are distributed all over Norway as well as some international locations. This talk will give an overview over NorNet. Particularly, it will also show how the NorNet testbed can be utilised for research at Hainan University.
MD5: 158d559194bda92bc05c1a7a1603880d
Ferlin, Simone; Alay, Özgü; Hayes, David Andrew; Dreibholz, Thomas and Welzl, Michael: ``Revisiting Congestion Control for Multipath TCP with Shared Bottleneck Detection´´ (PDF, 1440 KiB, 🇬🇧), in Proceedings of the 35th IEEE International Conference on Computer Communications (INFOCOM), pp. 2419–2427, ISBN 978-1-4673-9953-1, San Francisco, California/U.S.A., April 14, 2016, [BibTeX, XML].
Keywords: Multi-Path TCP (MPTCP), Shared Bottleneck Detection, Congestion Control, Coupled Congestion Control
Abstract: Multipath TCP (MPTCP) enables the simultaneous usage of multiple links for bandwidth aggregation, better resource utilization and improved reliability. Its coupled congestion control intends to reap the increased bandwidth of multiple links, while avoiding to be more aggressive than regular TCP flows on every used link. We argue that this leads to a very conservative behavior when paths do not share a bottleneck. Therefore, in this paper, we first quantify the penalty of the coupled congestion control for the links that do not share a bottleneck. Then, in order to overcome this penalty, we design and implement a practical shared bottleneck detection (SBD) algorithm for MPTCP, namely MPTCP-SBD. Through extensive emulations, we show that MPTCP-SBD outperforms all currently deployed MPTCP coupled congestion controls by accurately detecting bottlenecks resulting in throughput gains of up to 30\% in the absence of shared bottlenecks while remaining fair to TCP in shared bottlenecks scenarios. We complement the emulation results with real-network experiments justifying it is safeness for deployment.
URL: https://web-backend.simula.no/sites/default/files/publications/files/infocom2016-web.pdf
MD5: f60e8b176a4f13b368211d222ddc1969
Dreibholz, Thomas: ``An Experiment Tutorial for the NorNet Core Testbed at HAW Hamburg´´ (PDF, 4134 KiB, 🇬🇧), Tutorial at Hochschule für Angewandte Wissenschaften Hamburg (HAW Hamburg), Hamburg/Germany, March 22, 2016, [BibTeX, XML].
Keywords: NorNet, NorNet Core, Testbed, Multi-Homing, Multi-Path Transport, Tutorial
Abstract: This tutorial – presented at the Hochschule für Angewandte Wissenschaften Hamburg (HAW Hamburg) – provides an introduction on how to get access to the NorNet Core testbed as well as how to run experiments in the testbed.
URL: https://web-backend.simula.no/sites/default/files/publications/files/hawhamburg2016-tutorial.pdf
MD5: 46cc11c5168a96e4b30c0737c82158f1
Dreibholz, Thomas: ``NorNet at HAW Hamburg – An Introduction to the NorNet Testbed´´ (PDF, 13981 KiB, 🇬🇧), Invited Talk at Hochschule für Angewandte Wissenschaften Hamburg (HAW Hamburg), Hamburg/Germany, March 22, 2016, [BibTeX, XML].
Keywords: NorNet, NorNet Core, NorNet Edge, Testbed, Multi-Homing, Introduction, Status
Abstract: Multi-homing denotes the simultaneous connection of endpoints (e.g. cloud servers, smartphones, etc.) to multiple Internet Service Providers (ISP). That is, the endpoints remain reachable even when some of the ISPs have problems (e.g. malfunction of hardware or break of cables). Besides the redundancy aspect, multi-homing can also make load sharing by multi-path transport possible, i.e. increasing the application throughput by utilising multiple paths simultaneously. Multi-path transport can e.g. be realised by Concurrent Multi-Path Transfer for SCTP (CMT-SCTP) and Multi-Path TCP (MPTCP), two protocols that are currently under standardisation in the IETF. The growing need for and deployment of multi-homed applications makes large-scale testing and evaluation in realistic Internet setups necessary. For instance, different paths can have very different characteristics with regard to bandwidth, packet loss rate, congestion, delay and jitter. Therefore, the NorNet project of the Simula Research Laboratory is building up an open platform for such experiments: the NorNet testbed. It provides programmable nodes with multiple ISP connections – wired as well as wireless – that are distributed all over Norway as well as some international locations. This talk will give an overview over NorNet. Particularly, it will also show how the NorNet testbed can be utilised for research at the Hochschule für Angewandte Wissenschaften Hamburg (HAW Hamburg)
URL: https://web-backend.simula.no/sites/default/files/publications/files/hawhamburg2016-presentation.pdf
MD5: 49c17f620cbfe46758e8f02f4e553081
Dreibholz, Thomas: ``An Experiment Tutorial for the NorNet Core Testbed at NICTA´´ (PDF, 4140 KiB, 🇬🇧), Tutorial at National Information Communications Technology Australia (NICTA), Sydney, New South Wales/Australia, January 22, 2016, [BibTeX, XML].
Keywords: NorNet, NorNet Core, Testbed, Multi-Homing, Multi-Path Transport, Tutorial
Abstract: This tutorial – presented at National Information Communications Technology Australia (NICTA) – provides an introduction on how to get access to the NorNet Core testbed as well as how to run experiments in the testbed.
URL: https://web-backend.simula.no/sites/default/files/publications/files/nicta2016-tutorial.pdf
MD5: a4017ee0d66b87416e5c0c8921d94957
Dreibholz, Thomas: ``NorNet at NICTA – An Introduction to the NorNet Testbed´´ (PDF, 13403 KiB, 🇬🇧), Invited Talk at National Information Communications Technology Australia (NICTA), Sydney, New South Wales/Australia, January 22, 2016, [BibTeX, XML].
Keywords: NorNet, NorNet Core, NorNet Edge, Testbed, Multi-Homing, Introduction, Status
Abstract: Multi-homing denotes the simultaneous connection of endpoints (e.g. cloud servers, smartphones, etc.) to multiple Internet Service Providers (ISP). That is, the endpoints remain reachable even when some of the ISPs have problems (e.g. malfunction of hardware or break of cables). Besides the redundancy aspect, multi-homing can also make load sharing by multi-path transport possible, i.e. increasing the application throughput by utilising multiple paths simultaneously. Multi-path transport can e.g. be realised by Concurrent Multi-Path Transfer for SCTP (CMT-SCTP) and Multi-Path TCP (MPTCP), two protocols that are currently under standardisation in the IETF. The growing need for and deployment of multi-homed applications makes large-scale testing and evaluation in realistic Internet setups necessary. For instance, different paths can have very different characteristics with regard to bandwidth, packet loss rate, congestion, delay and jitter. Therefore, the NorNet project of the Simula Research Laboratory is building up an open platform for such experiments: the NorNet testbed. It provides programmable nodes with multiple ISP connections – wired as well as wireless – that are distributed all over Norway as well as some international locations. This talk will give an overview over NorNet. Particularly, it will also show how the NorNet testbed can be utilised for research at National Information Communications Technology Australia (NICTA)
URL: https://web-backend.simula.no/sites/default/files/publications/files/nicta2016-presentation.pdf
MD5: 553d4072d3381f6d460a73f25ddfb77f
Fu, Fa; Zhou, Xing; Dreibholz, Thomas; Wang, Keying; Zhou, Feng and Gan, Quan: ``Performance Comparison of Congestion Control Strategies for Multi-Path TCP in the NorNet Testbed´´ (PDF, 172 KiB, 🇬🇧), in Proceedings of the 4th IEEE/CIC International Conference on Communications in China (ICCC), pp. 607–612, DOI 10.1109/ICCChina.2015.7448667, ISBN 978-1-5090-0243-6, Shenzhen, Guangdong/People's Republic of China, November 3, 2015, [BibTeX, XML].
Keywords: Multi-Path Transport, Multi-Path TCP (MPTCP), Congestion Control, Performance Analysis
Abstract: Multi-path transport has become a hot topic in Internet protocol research with the evolution of emerging technologies, particularly with the market penetration of access terminals having multiple network interfaces (e.g. smartphones with LTE/UMTS and Wi-Fi interfaces). Multi-Path TCP (MPTCP) is an extension of TCP that allows a connection to create several subflows for utilizing multiple network paths. Using multiple end-to-end TCP connections as subflows, MPTCP distributes data to different subflows over multiple ISPs, so as to enhance network robustness and improve throughput. This paper first presents MPTCP’s architecture and multi-path congestion control algorithm concepts. Then, it examines three test scenarios in the NorNet testbed, particularly highlighting the performance difference between using uncoupled and coupled congestion controls in multi-homed, real-world Internet setups. The results show that MPTCP with coupled CCs gets more benefits than TCP and demonstrates the lower aggressiveness in comparison to MPTCP with uncoupled CCs.
URL: https://web-backend.simula.no/sites/default/files/publications/files/fufa-mptcp-web.pdf
MD5: caabd753ddce037e04e81dbffbd0ad82
Dreibholz, Thomas: ``NetPerfMeter: A Network Performance Metering Tool´´ (HTML, 42 KiB, 🇬🇧), in Multipath TCP Blog, September 7, 2015, [BibTeX, XML].
Keywords: Software, NetPerfMeter, Multi-Path Transfer, Multi-Path TCP (MPTCP)
Abstract: A common problem for evaluating multiple transport protocols in a multi-platform environment is to have a test tool that is capable to run in all these environments, and – of course – to support all necessary protocols. Using different evaluation tools is not a good solution, since each tool may introduce its own – and possibly incompatible – parametrisation scheme. In order to overcome this problem, originally for the use case of evaluating the Stream Control Transmission Protocol (SCTP) and compare it to the Transmission Control Protocol (TCP), NetPerfMeter has been designed and developed. This blog article provides an introduction to NetPerfMeter.
MD5: 84d5a41e4357d7cc69c508a44c1d8aa0
Adhari, Hakim; Dreibholz, Thomas; Werner, Sebastian and Rathgeb, Erwin Paul: ``Eclipse: A New Dynamic Delay-based Congestion Control Algorithm for Background Traffic´´ (PDF, 1082 KiB, 🇬🇧), in Proceedings of the 18th International Conference on Network-Based Information Systems (NBiS), pp. 115–123, DOI 10.1109/NBiS.2015.21, ISBN 978-1-4799-9942-2, Taipei/Taiwan, September 2, 2015, [BibTeX, XML]. Awarded with the Best Paper Award.
Keywords: Background Traffic, Congestion Control, Delay-based Congestion Control, Less-than-Best-Effort Service
Abstract: Initially, the Internet transport protocol TCP has been designed to provide a ``best effort'' service: it is meant to share the network resources with other users and applications. However, there is nowadays also a growing demand for transmitting big amounts of data in the background, namely background transport that uses spare capacity, but with minimal effect on other traffic. For instance, systems can proactively download content that the user/system would need in the future (e.g. update packages, video files, etc.). Efforts have therefore been made in the IETF for the sake of such a service with Low Extra Delay Background Traffic (LEDBAT) congestion control. While LEDBAT works in some cases, there are however known situations where it causes serious performance problems, particularly in combination with the ubiquitous bufferbloat for example in current broadband networks. In this paper, we analyse the issues of LEDBAT and propose a new approach for background traffic. Inspired by an astronomical event, we have named this approach Eclipse. Unlike LEDBAT, Eclipse can dynamically adapt to the network characteristics not only to minimise the additional network delay but also to maximise the utilisation of spare network capacity. We will show the usefulness of Eclipse by simulations.
URL: https://web-backend.simula.no/sites/default/files/publications/files/paper-web.pdf
MD5: d189576ba3280e5a18c578e807edbbee
Dreibholz, Thomas: ``The NorNet Core Testbed: A Status Update for the NNUW-3´´ (PDF, 12120 KiB, 🇬🇧), in Proceedings of the 3rd International NorNet Users Workshop (NNUW-3), Fornebu, Akershus/Norway, August 28, 2015, [BibTeX, XML].
Keywords: NorNet, NorNet Core, Testbed, Multi-Homing, Multi-Path Transport, Status
Abstract: This talk provides an update on the NorNet Core testbed development and research for the 3rd NorNet Users Workshop (NNUW-3) in August 2015.
URL: https://web-backend.simula.no/sites/default/files/publications/files/nnuw3-dreibholz.pdf
MD5: 6137dcfde02ba8d35ed6db1d17cf4b17
Livadariu, Ioana Alexandrina; Ferlin, Simone; Alay, Özgü; Dreibholz, Thomas; Dhamdhere, Amogh and Elmokashfi, Ahmed Mustafa: ``Leveraging the IPv4/IPv6 Identity Duality by using Multi-Path Transport´´ (PDF, 327 KiB, 🇬🇧), in Proceedings of the 18th IEEE Global Internet Symposium (GI) at the 34th IEEE Conference on Computer Communications (INFOCOM), pp. 312–317, DOI 10.1109/INFCOMW.2015.7179403, ISBN 978-1-4673-7131-5, Hong Kong/People's Republic of China, April 27, 2015, [BibTeX, XML].
Keywords: Identity Duality, IPv4, IPv6, Internet Paths, Routing
Abstract: With the 20th anniversary of IPv6 nearing quickly, a growing number of Internet service providers (ISPs) now offer their customers both IPv6 and IPv4 connectivity. This makes multi-homing with IPv4 and IPv6 increasingly common even with just a single ISP connection. Furthermore, the growing popularity of multi-path transport, especially Multi-Path TCP (MPTCP) that is the extension of the well-known Transmission Control Protocol (TCP), leads to the question of whether this identity duality can be utilized for improving application performance in addition to providing resilience. In this paper, we first investigate the AS-level congruency of IPv4 and IPv6 paths in the Internet. We find that more than 60\% of the current IPv4 and IPv6 AS-paths are non-congruent at the AS-level, which motivates us to explore how MPTCP can utilize the IPv4/IPv6 identity duality to improve data transfer performance. Our results show that MPTCP, even with a single dual-stack Internet connection, can significantly improve the end-to-end performance when the underlying paths are non-congruent. The extent of the improvement can reach up to the aggregate of the IPv4 and IPv6 bandwidth.
URL: https://web-backend.simula.no/sites/default/files/publications/files/gis2015_0.pdf
MD5: 62683a568c45c655151216105a168310
Dreibholz, Thomas; Bjørgeengen, Jarle and Werme, Jonas: ``Monitoring and Maintaining the Infrastructure of the NorNet Testbed for Multi-Homed Systems´´ (PDF, 538 KiB, 🇬🇧), in 5th International Workshop on Protocols and Applications with Multi-Homing Support (PAMS), pp. 611–616, DOI 10.1109/WAINA.2015.76, ISBN 978-1-4799-1775-4, Gwangju/South Korea, March 25, 2015, [BibTeX, XML].
Keywords: NorNet, Internet Testbed, Monitoring, Multi-Homing, Path Characteristics, Resilience
Abstract: NorNet Core is the world's first, open, large-scale Internet testbed for multi-homed systems and applications. Particularly, it is currently used for research on topics like multi-path transport and resilience. Researchers can run experiments on distributed, programmable nodes that are distributed over various locations and providing access to multiple different Internet service providers (ISP) with different access technologies. Clearly, a key feature of this testbed is to work in the real-world Internet. That is, it is especially desired to expose experiments to real Internet behaviour like background traffic. However, for the researcher, it is necessary to actually know how paths – being used for an experiment – actually behave: Are the paths actually working? How are the round-trip times among sites over different ISPs, etc.. How did the behaviour change over time? To provide such information to the researchers, we have designed and developed a maintenance and monitoring infrastructure for the NorNet Core testbed. In this paper, we will first introduce this infrastructure. Furthermore, we will demonstrate its usefulness with some useful, real-world examples. Our infrastructure has now become part of the testbed, and it is therefore available for all users of NorNet Core as well.
MD5: de8568f766023dba008bb7201f92b6a3
Ferlin, Simone; Dreibholz, Thomas and Alay, Özgü: ``Multi-Path Transport over Heterogeneous Wireless Networks: Does it really pay off?´´ (PDF, 986 KiB, 🇬🇧), in Proceedings of the IEEE Global Communications Conference (GLOBECOM), pp. 4807–4813, DOI 10.1109/GLOCOM.2014.7037567, ISBN 978-1-4799-3512-3, Austin, Texas/U.S.A., December 11, 2014, [BibTeX, XML].
Keywords: Multi-Path Transport, Multi-Path TCP, Heterogeneous Networks, Mobile Broadband, Performance
Abstract: Multi-path transfer protocols such as Concurrent Multi-Path Transfer for SCTP and Multi-Path TCP (MPTCP), are becoming increasingly popular due to widespread deployment of smartphones with multi-homing support. Although the idea of using multiple interfaces simultaneously to improve application throughput is tempting, does transmission over multiple interfaces always provide benefits especially in realistic setup? In this paper, we first show that multi-path transfer might actually have a negative impact in real-world scenarios with mobile broadband and wireless LAN networks. We then introduce our Dynamic Relative Path Scoring (DRePaS) algorithm that continuously evaluates the contribution of paths to the overall performance and dynamically influences the scheduling decisions to make best use of the paths for the overall system performance. We show that DRePaS outperforms the current MPTCP implementation in terms of throughput and application delay, especially when the links are heterogeneous.
URL: https://web-backend.simula.no/sites/default/files/publications/Simula.simula.2884.pdf
MD5: 5a0ad1ae3594f3818c63345173b9fc1e
Dreibholz, Thomas; Simonsen, Henrik Vest and Gran, Ernst Gunnar: ``A Demonstration of the NorNet Core Research Testbed for Multi-Homed Systems´´ (PDF, 60 KiB, 🇬🇧), Demo Presentation at the IEEE Global Communications Conference (GLOBECOM), Austin, Texas/U.S.A., December 9, 2014, [BibTeX, XML].
Keywords: Demonstration, NorNet Core, Testbed, Multi-Homing, Multi-Path Transport, Resilience
Abstract: This abstract describes a demonstration proposal for the NorNet Core testbed for multi-homed systems.
URL: https://web-backend.simula.no/sites/default/files/publications/Simula.simula.2868.pdf
MD5: e94511a7807546cd2c2acf7c6e438f9d
Golkar, Forough; Dreibholz, Thomas and Kvalbein, Amund: ``Measuring and Comparing Internet Path Stability in IPv4 and IPv6´´ (PDF, 436 KiB, 🇬🇧), in Proceedings of the 5th IEEE International Conference on the Network of the Future (NoF), pp. 1–5, DOI 10.1109/NOF.2014.7119767, ISBN 978-1-4799-7531-0, Paris/France, December 4, 2014, [BibTeX, XML]. Awarded with the Best Paper Award.
Keywords: NorNet Core, Internet, IPv4, IPv6, Path Stability, Resilience, Robustness
Abstract: In just about 4 years, IPv6 will celebrate its 20th anniversary. While the protocol itself is already quite old, its deployment has only recently picked up speed. Not so many Internet service providers offer direct IPv6 connectivity to their customers, yet. Clearly, when IPv6 is available to customers, they expect that IPv6 offers at least the same – or even better – stability of connections in comparison to IPv4. The main goal of this paper is to investigate whether this is true today. In our paper, we present up-to-date measurement results on the stability of IPv4 and IPv6 paths in the real Internet, based on machines that are distributed over a large geographical area, as part of the NorNet Core testbed infrastructure for multi-homed systems. The measurements not only cover high-speed research networks, but also consumer-grade ADSL connections – i.e. the ISP connection types of "normal" end-users – as well as a broad range of different ISPs. The measurements show that IPv6 paths are less stable than corresponding IPv4 paths. We also find that the use of load balancing is more prevalent in IPv6 than in IPv4.
URL: https://web-backend.simula.no/sites/default/files/publications/Simula.simula.3048.pdf
MD5: e94bfd5f13ed1ab81ac86b90fc1bbfe1
Dreibholz, Thomas: ``An Experiment Tutorial for the NorNet Core Testbed at Hainan University´´ (PDF, 2148 KiB, 🇬🇧), Tutorial at Hainan University, College of Information Science and Technology (CIST), Haikou, Hainan/People's Republic of China, October 27, 2014, [BibTeX, XML].
Keywords: NorNet, NorNet Core, Testbed, Multi-Homing, Multi-Path Transport, Tutorial
Abstract: This tutorial – presented for students at the College of Information Science and Technology (CIST) at Hainan University – provides an introduction on how to get access to the NorNet Core testbed as well as how to run experiments in the testbed.
URL: https://web.archive.org/web/20230521130309/https://www.simula.no/file/simulasimula3078pdf/download
MD5: d884e2a243b307e85ce712583812d798
Dreibholz, Thomas: ``An Experiment Tutorial for the NorNet Core Testbed´´ (PDF, 6033 KiB, 🇬🇧), in Proceedings of the 2nd International NorNet Users Workshop (NNUW-2), Fornebu, Akershus/Norway, August 29, 2014, [BibTeX, XML].
Keywords: NorNet, NorNet Core, Testbed, Multi-Homing, Multi-Path Transport, Tutorial
Abstract: This tutorial provides an introduction on how to get access to the NorNet Core testbed as well as how to run experiments in the testbed.
URL: https://web-backend.simula.no/sites/default/files/publications/Simula.simula.2938.pdf
MD5: 9711b4f32dd9a2c4946aa4aeceeac31c
Alay, Özgü; Ferlin, Simone and Dreibholz, Thomas: ``Multipath Transport over Heterogeneous Networks´´ (PDF, 2930 KiB, 🇬🇧), in Proceedings of the 2nd International NorNet Users Workshop (NNUW-2), Fornebu, Akershus/Norway, August 29, 2014, [BibTeX, XML].
URL: https://web-backend.simula.no/sites/default/files/publications/Simula.simula.2970.pdf
MD5: 3b1f2c76b82d27ee2eb7c4830a489783
Dreibholz, Thomas: ``The NorNet Core Testbed – Introduction and Status in August 2014´´ (PDF, 14850 KiB, 🇬🇧), in Proceedings of the 2nd International NorNet Users Workshop (NNUW-2), Fornebu, Akershus/Norway, August 28, 2014, [BibTeX, XML].
Keywords: NorNet, NorNet Core, Testbed, Multi-Homing, Multi-Path Transport, Introduction
Abstract: This talk provides an introduction to the NorNet Core testbed as well as a status overview on the development and deployment in August 2014.
URL: https://web-backend.simula.no/sites/default/files/publications/Simula.simula.2936.pdf
MD5: e2f018deb04a839bf93f842bb729d012
Ferlin, Simone; Dreibholz, Thomas and Alay, Özgü: ``Tackling the Challenge of Bufferbloat in Multi-Path Transport over Heterogeneous Wireless Networks´´ (PDF, 820 KiB, 🇬🇧), in Proceedings of the IEEE/ACM International Symposium on Quality of Service (IWQoS), pp. 123–128, DOI 10.1109/IWQoS.2014.6914310, ISBN 978-1-4799-4852-9, Hong Kong/People's Republic of China, May 26, 2014, [BibTeX, XML].
Keywords: Multi-Path Transport, Performance, Bufferbloat, Mobile Broadband Networks, MPTCP, NorNet Edge
Abstract: Today, most of the smart phones are equipped with two network interfaces: Mobile Broadband (MBB) and Wireless Local Area Network (WLAN). Multi-path transport protocols provide increased throughput or reliability, by utilizing these interfaces simultaneously. However, multi-path transmission over networks with very different QoS characteristics is a challenge. In this paper, we studied Multi-Path TCP (MPTCP) in heterogeneous networks, specifically MBB networks and WLAN. We first investigate the effect of bufferbloat in MBB on MPTCP performance. Then, we propose a bufferbloat mitigation algorithm: Multi-Path Transport Bufferbloat Mitigation (MPT-BM). Using our algorithm, we conduct experiments in real operational networks. The experimental results show that MPT-BM outperforms the current MPTCP implementation by increasing the application goodput quality and decreasing MPTCP's buffer delay, jitter and buffer space requirements.
URL: https://web-backend.simula.no/sites/default/files/publications/Simula.simula.2722.pdf
MD5: 41fdb83e1fa929ad9523504ea7b43402
Adhari, Hakim; Werner, Sebastian; Dreibholz, Thomas and Rathgeb, Erwin Paul: ``LEDBAT-MP – On the Application of Lower-than-Best-Effort for Concurrent Multipath Transfer´´ (PDF, 1229 KiB, 🇬🇧), in Proceedings of the 4th International Workshop on Protocols and Applications with Multi-Homing Support (PAMS), DOI 10.1109/WAINA.2014.125, ISBN 978-1-4799-2652-7, Victoria, British Columbia/Canada, May 16, 2014, [BibTeX, XML].
Keywords: Multi-Path Transfer, Congestion Control, Background Traffic, CMT-SCTP, MPTCP
Abstract: The Internet is based on best effort communication, i.e. it tries to deliver packets but does not provide any guarantees. A transport protocol can make use of this best effort service to provide a suitable service to its applications. Also, its congestion control is responsible for a fair distribution of the resources within the Internet. However, background data transfer applications (like file sharing or update fetching) do not require "best effort", they in fact could use a "lower-than-best-effort" service to leave resources to more important applications if needed. For this purpose, the Low Extra Delay Background Transport (LEDBAT) algorithm has been standardized by the IETF. Nowadays, multi-homing is becoming increasingly common in modern networks and several approaches to exploit this feature (e.g. CMT-SCTP, MPTCP) have evolved that are able to combine resources of multiple paths. For background traffic oriented algorithms like LEDBAT, this feature could be of great use, too, i.e. by increasing the overall bandwidth while shifting the transmission away from paths which are used by other flows. This could be particularly useful for non-critical bulk transfers in data centres. In this paper, we introduce our approach LEDBAT for Multi-Path – denoted as LEDBAT-MP – and analyze its performance by simulations. With this paper, we want to highlight some generic design questions and start a discussion on how a solid universal background multi-path congestion control strategy should behave.
URL: https://web-backend.simula.no/sites/default/files/publications/Simula.simula.2512.pdf
MD5: dfdfcfef3b476f3d9aad8215ef058662
Ferlin, Simone; Dreibholz, Thomas; Alay, Özgü and Kvalbein, Amund: ``Measuring the QoS Characteristics of Operational 3G Mobile Broadband Networks´´ (PDF, 1524 KiB, 🇬🇧), in Proceedings of the 4th International Workshop on Protocols and Applications with Multi-Homing Support (PAMS), pp. 753–758, DOI 10.1109/WAINA.2014.123, ISBN 978-1-4799-2652-7, Victoria, British Columbia/Canada, May 16, 2014, [BibTeX, XML].
Keywords: Multi-Path Transport, Mobile Broadband Networks, Performance, Measurements, Quality of Service
Abstract: Today, many smart phones and tablets have multiple interfaces (i.e. WLAN and 3G). These multiple interfaces can be utilized simultaneously by a multi-path transport protocol to provide bandwidth aggregation or reliability. However, in order to design efficient multi-path scheduling and congestion control strategies, it is crucial to understand the behaviour and properties of the underlying paths first. WLAN links have already been studied extensively in the literature. Therefore, in this paper, we focus on Mobile Broadband (MBB) networks that are in use today. We utilized NorNet Edge nodes that are connected to up to five different 3G ISPs (UMTS and CDMA2000), hence, providing a realistic view on the QoS characteristics that are experienced by end-users of these MBB networks. We present QoS characteristics (e.g. bandwidth, delay and loss) and discuss our observations. Our results shed light on what a multi-path transport endpoint has to expect – and to efficiently cope with – when using today's MBB networks as transport paths.
URL: https://web-backend.simula.no/sites/default/files/publications/Simula.simula.2516.pdf
MD5: 829e385c146f959a11e21b9e0f816091
Dreibholz, Thomas: ``The NorNet Testbed for Multi-Homed Systems – Introduction and Status´´ (PDF, 8480 KiB, 🇬🇧), Invited Talk at Princeton University, Department of Computer Science, Princeton, New Jersey/U.S.A., May 8, 2014, [BibTeX, XML].
Keywords: NorNet, NorNet Core, NorNet Edge, Testbed, Multi-Homing, Introduction, Status
Abstract: Multi-homing denotes the simultaneous connection of endpoints to multiple Internet Service Providers (ISP). That is, such endpoints should remain reachable even when some of the ISPs have problems. Besides the redundancy aspect, multi-homing can also make load sharing by multi-path transport possible, i.e. increasing the application throughput by utilizing multiple paths simultaneously. The growing need for and deployment of multi-homed applications makes large-scale testing and evaluation in realistic Internet setups necessary. For instance, different paths can have very different characteristics with regard to bandwidth, packet loss rate, congestion, delay and jitter. Therefore, the Simula Research Laboratory is building up the NorNet testbed, which is an open platform for such experiments. NorNet consists of two parts, the wireless part NorNet Edge as well as the wired part NorNet Core, providing researchers the possibility to use programmable, multi-homed nodes at different locations in Norway as well as at some international sites. This talk gives an overview over the NorNet testbed, with a special focus on the usage of the PlanetLab/Linux Containers-based software that is used to run NorNet Core.
URL: https://web-backend.simula.no/sites/default/files/publications/Simula.simula.2730.pdf
MD5: b60311d5e6fb7858da54836e82aa3a67
Gran, Ernst Gunnar; Dreibholz, Thomas and Kvalbein, Amund: ``NorNet Core – A Multi-Homed Research Testbed´´ (PDF, 1458 KiB, 🇬🇧), in Computer Networks, Special Issue on Future Internet Testbeds, vol. 61, pp. 75–87, DOI 10.1016/j.bjp.2013.12.035, ISSN 1389-1286, March 14, 2014, [BibTeX, XML].
Keywords: NorNet Core, Testbed, Multi-Homing, Routing, Transport, Applications
Abstract: Over the last decade, the Internet has grown at a tremendous speed in both size and complexity. Nowadays, a large number of important services – for instance e-commerce, healthcare and many others – depend on the availability of the underlying network. Clearly, service interruptions due to network problems may have a severe impact. On the long way towards the Future Internet, the complexity will grow even further. Therefore, new ideas and concepts must be evaluated thoroughly, and particularly in realistic, real-world Internet scenarios, before they can be deployed for production networks. For this purpose, various testbeds – for instance PlanetLab, GpENI or G-Lab – have been established and are intensively used for research. However, all of these testbeds lack the support for so-called multi-homing. Multi-homing denotes the connection of a site to multiple Internet service providers, in order to achieve redundancy. Clearly, with the need for network availability, there is a steadily growing demand for multi-homing. The idea of the NorNet Core project is to establish a Future Internet research testbed with multi-homed sites, in order to allow researchers to perform experiments with multi-homed systems. Particular use cases for this testbed include realistic experiments in the areas of multi-path routing, load balancing, multi-path transport protocols, overlay networks and network resilience. In this paper, we introduce the NorNet Core testbed as well as its architecture.
URL: https://web-backend.simula.no/sites/default/files/publications/Simula.simula.2236.pdf
MD5: 2a2237f3e955ca8fb1b768b8a30ba7fe
Dreibholz, Thomas: ``The Status of MPTCP Deployment and Evaluation in the NorNet Testbed´´ (PDF, 1514 KiB, 🇬🇧), in Proceedings of the 89th IETF Meeting, London/United Kingdom, March 3, 2014, [BibTeX, XML].
URL: https://web-backend.simula.no/sites/default/files/publications/Simula.simula.2582.pdf
MD5: 79b1f59c28309d376f05b7ac3709ca9d
Dreibholz, Thomas: ``The NorNet Core Testbed – An Experiment Tutorial´´ (PDF, 4454 KiB, 🇬🇧), in Proceedings of the 1st International NorNet Users Workshop (NNUW-1), Fornebu, Akershus/Norway, September 19, 2013, [BibTeX, XML].
Abstract: This tutorial provides an introduction on how to get access to the NorNet Core testbed as well as how to run experiments in the testbed.
URL: https://web-backend.simula.no/sites/default/files/publications/Simula.simula.2130.pdf
MD5: f67a3e0e340f676c96c4486cf5308000
Dreibholz, Thomas: ``The NorNet Core Testbed – Introduction and Status´´ (PDF, 8399 KiB, 🇬🇧), in Proceedings of the 1st International NorNet Users Workshop (NNUW-1), Fornebu, Akershus/Norway, September 18, 2013, [BibTeX, XML].
Keywords: NorNet, NorNet Core, Testbed, Multi-Homing, Multi-Path Transport, Introduction
URL: https://web-backend.simula.no/sites/default/files/publications/Simula.simula.2124.pdf
MD5: 5c700705b018d485706b49a66b9d1a0c
Dreibholz, Thomas: ``The NorNet Testbed: A Platform for Evaluating Multi-Path Transport in the Real-World Internet´´ (PDF, 13341 KiB, 🇬🇧), in Proceedings of the 87th IETF Meeting, Berlin/Germany, July 30, 2013, [BibTeX, XML].
URL: https://www.ietf.org/proceedings/87/slides/slides-87-mptcp-4.pdf
MD5: 60e2a88f7784a2ad5e95af77b4eac809
Dreibholz, Thomas and Ferlin, Simone: ``The NorNet Research Testbed´´ (PDF, 12015 KiB, 🇬🇧), Talk, in Proceedings of the CHANGE Bootcamp Workshop, Louvain-la-Neuve/Belgium, July 17, 2013, [BibTeX, XML].
URL: https://web-backend.simula.no/sites/default/files/publications/Simula.simula.2046.pdf
MD5: d6ee4ec1a6e0f3b30afbe4ac8e24aeac
Becke, Martin; Dreibholz, Thomas; Bayer, Andreas; Packeiser, Markus and Rathgeb, Erwin Paul: ``Alternative Transmission Strategies for Multipath Transport of Multimedia Streams over Wireless Networks´´ (PDF, 792 KiB, 🇬🇧), in Proceedings of the 12th IEEE International Conference on Telecommunications (ConTEL), pp. 147–153, ISBN 978-953-184-175-7, Zagreb, Središnja Hrvatska/Croatia, June 26, 2013, [BibTeX, XML].
Keywords: Multi-Path Transfer, Multimedia Transport, Scheduling Strategies, Real-Time, Wireless
Abstract: With the strongly growing popularity of mobile devices like smartphones and tablet computers, the number of end-systems with more than one network access – like UMTS/LTE and WLAN – is also increasing. This so-called multi-homing also leads to the desire of utilising multiple network paths simultaneously, in order to improve application payload throughput. Clearly, this so-called multi-path transfer feature is also very useful for the transport of multimedia contents, particularly when a single network access alone is not fast enough to fulfil the bandwidth requirements of the application. In many cases, multimedia transport is also sensitive for delays and packet losses. However, the focus of the current multi-path transfer approaches has been on bandwidth only. In order to tackle this challenge, our paper introduces two new send strategies to map payload data to different wireless paths. Finally, by using measurements, we show that a significant performance improvement for delay and loss-sensitive applications can be achieved in comparison to the existing approaches.
URL: https://web-backend.simula.no/sites/default/files/publications/Simula.simula.2000.pdf
MD5: b6125ad32798a84b2be4a349000fc1c3
Dreibholz, Thomas: ``The NorNet Project: A Research Platform for Robust and Secure Networks´´ (PDF, 7304 KiB, 🇬🇧), in Proceedings of the Essener Workshop zur Netzsicherheit (EWNS), Essen, Nordrhein-Westfalen/Germany, April 8, 2013, [BibTeX, XML].
Keywords: NorNet, Testbed, Multi-Homing, Setup, Research
Abstract: This talk gives an overview of the NorNet project, the new Internet testbed for multi-homed systems, and its research objectives.
URL: https://web-backend.simula.no/sites/default/files/publications/Simula.simula.1968.pdf
MD5: 3855ef4890e243dd180cc9f8abd745f6
Dreibholz, Thomas and Gran, Ernst Gunnar: ``Design and Implementation of the NorNet Core Research Testbed for Multi-Homed Systems´´ (PDF, 20082 KiB, 🇬🇧), in Proceedings of the 3nd International Workshop on Protocols and Applications with Multi-Homing Support (PAMS), pp. 1094–1100, DOI 10.1109/WAINA.2013.71, ISBN 978-0-7695-4952-1, Barcelona, Catalonia/Spain, March 27, 2013, [BibTeX, XML].
Keywords: NorNet, Testbed, Multi-Homing, Design, Implementation
Abstract: The Internet has made it possible to communicate and to use services over large geographical distances. While it has originally been built for less critical services like e-mail and file transfer, it is nowadays also increasingly often used for availability-critical services like e.g. e-commerce or healthcare. Clearly, the reachability of such services must be ensured by so-called multi-homing of endpoints. That is, endpoints are simultaneously connected to multiple Internet Service Providers (ISP) to provide redundancy. If one ISP has problems, it is intended that the connection to another one still works. However, such assumptions have never been verified in real, large-scale setups. The intention of the NorNet project is to build up a realistic Internet testbed for multi-homing. In this paper, we describe the design of NorNet with focus on the implementation of its fixed-line part: NorNet Core. This paper is intended to give researchers an overview of its mode of operation, its capabilities as well as its interesting feature realisations. The knowledge about these items is very useful to plan own experiments in the NorNet testbed.
MD5: 6560234f120c9c1e0166928b1c13e400
Becke, Martin; Dreibholz, Thomas; Adhari, Hakim and Rathgeb, Erwin Paul: ``On the Fairness of Transport Protocols in a Multi-Path Environment´´ (PDF, 1970 KiB, 🇬🇧), in Proceedings of the IEEE International Conference on Communications (ICC), pp. 2666–2672, DOI 10.1109/ICC.2012.6363695, ISBN 978-1-4577-2052-9, Ottawa, Ontario/Canada, June 12, 2012, [BibTeX, XML].
Keywords: Multi-Homing, Multi-Path Transfer, Fairness, Congestion Control, Future Internet
Abstract: Today, a steadily growing number of devices contains multiple network interfaces. For example, nearly all smartphones are equipped with at least W-LAN as well as 3G/4G interfaces. In consequence, there is a rising demand for so-called multi-path transfer, which utilizes all of these interfaces simultaneously in order to maximize the payload throughput of applications. Currently, this so-called multi-path transfer is very actively discussed by the IETF, in form of the Multi-Path TCP (MPTCP) extension for TCP as well as the Concurrent Multi-path Transfer extension for SCTP (CMT-SCTP). Their larger-scale deployment in the Internet is expected for the near future. A key issue that prevents the standardization of these approaches is the fairness to concurrent TCP flows. A multi-path transfer should behave "TCP-friendly", i.e. cause no harm to the performance of the very widely deployed TCP-based applications. In this paper, we first extend the notion of "fairness" from single-path transport to multi-path transport. Furthermore, we introduce the relevant congestion control approaches in the IETF context for single-path as well as multi-path transfer. We simulatively analyze these approaches in a couple of interesting network configuration scenarios, in order to show their behavior with special regard to the fairness definitions. Particularly, we also point out items of further discussion which are the result of the current approaches.
URL: https://www.wiwi.uni-due.de/fileadmin/fileupload/I-TDR/SCTP/Paper/ICC2012.pdf
MD5: 88ea6b1a3bfc82f23629900ac4a9f6b7
Becke, Martin; Dreibholz, Thomas; Adhari, Hakim and Rathgeb, Erwin Paul: ``A Future Internet Architecture supporting Multipath Communication Networks´´ (PDF, 743 KiB, 🇬🇧), in Proceedings of the 13th IEEE/IFIP Network Operations and Management Symposium (NOMS), pp. 639–642, DOI 10.1109/NOMS.2012.6211975, ISBN 978-1-4673-0268-5, Maui, Hawaii/U.S.A., April 19, 2012, [BibTeX, XML].
Keywords: Future Internet, Multipath Communications, Encapsulated Responsibility-Centric Architecture Model (ERiCA), Responsibilities, Decision Domains
Abstract: The classic layered OSI reference model has reached its limits for the Internet of today. In this paper, we propose a clean-slate conceptual design of a new architecture as a contribution to the ongoing discussion on the Future Internet. We address the shortcomings of the layered model by redesigning the classical model. Our approach differs from the concepts found in prior work, which focus on special parts of the problems (such as the application, the service or the event) by staggering back a couple of steps and trying to see the requirements from a different perspective. Our concept – which is denoted as Encapsulated Responsibility-Centric Architecture Model (ERiCA) – focuses on determining the responsibilities by using different planes in addition to a partitioning of the network into different decision domains. With this partitioning, we can reduce the complexity of providing a certain service.
URL: https://www.wiwi.uni-due.de/fileadmin/fileupload/I-TDR/SCTP/Paper/NOMS2012.pdf
MD5: 0d471bef76ec8ae66b71f28e254deb82
Dreibholz, Thomas; Adhari, Hakim; Becke, Martin and Rathgeb, Erwin Paul: ``Simulation and Experimental Evaluation of Multipath Congestion Control Strategies´´ (PDF, 403 KiB, 🇬🇧), in Proceedings of the 2nd International Workshop on Protocols and Applications with Multi-Homing Support (PAMS), DOI 10.1109/WAINA.2012.186, ISBN 978-0-7695-4652-0, Fukuoka/Japan, March 29, 2012, [BibTeX, XML].
Keywords: Multipath Transfer, Congestion Control, Performance Analysis, Simulation, Measurement
Abstract: The need for service resilience is leading to a steadily growing number of multi-homed Internet sites. In consequence, this results in a growing demand for utilising multiple Internet accesses simultaneously, in order to improve application payload throughput during normal operation. Multi-path Transport Layer protocol extensions – like Multi-Path TCP (MPTCP) for TCP and Concurrent Multipath Transfer for SCTP (CMT-SCTP) – allow applications to make use of such network topologies. However, since TCP – which constitutes the basis of most Internet applications – and its congestion control procedures have been designed under the assumption of single-homed sites, fairness issues may arise by the usage of multipath transport. These issues are addressed by advanced congestion control approaches, which have already been examined by simulations. However, real-life network measurements are missing. In this paper, we perform an experimental proof-of-concept evaluation of several multipath congestion control strategies, which are currently under discussion within the IETF in the context of MPTCP as well as CMT-SCTP. Particularly, we validate effects that have been observed in simulations, in order to trigger further discussions on multipath congestion control. Also, our goal is to provide insight into the different approaches to support the ongoing IETF standardisation activities on multipath transport protocols.
URL: https://www.wiwi.uni-due.de/fileadmin/fileupload/I-TDR/SCTP/Paper/PAMS2012.pdf
MD5: 9f0ed4e466615996b4e65ccb10ec3c7d
Adhari, Hakim; Becke, Martin and Dreibholz, Thomas: ``On the Fairness of Transport Protocols in a Multi-Path Environment´´ (PDF, 1004 KiB, 🇬🇧), in Proceedings of the 83rd IETF Meeting, Paris/France, March 27, 2012, [BibTeX, XML].
URL: https://www.ietf.org/proceedings/83/slides/slides-83-iccrg-3.pdf
MD5: 1345b92fb66655adf2b3c9c9827e2068
Dreibholz, Thomas: ``Evaluation and Optimisation of Multi-Path Transport using the Stream Control Transmission Protocol´´ (PDF, 36779 KiB, 🇬🇧), Habilitation Treatise, University of Duisburg-Essen, Faculty of Economics, Institute for Computer Science and Business Information Systems, URN urn:nbn:de:hbz:464-20120315-103208-1, March 13, 2012, [BibTeX, XML].
Keywords: Stream Control Transmission Protocol (SCTP), Multi-Path Transport, Dissimilar Paths, Fairness, Evaluation, Optimisation
Abstract: The Stream Control Transmission Protocol (SCTP) as defined in RFC 4960 is an advanced Transport Layer protocol that provides support for multi-homing. That is, SCTP endpoints may simultaneously use multiple Network Layer addresses, which allows to connect the endpoints to multiple networks for redundancy purposes. However, for the transfer of user data, only one of the possible paths is currently used at a time. All other paths remain as backup and are only used for retransmissions. Clearly, the existence of multiple paths has led to the idea of applying load sharing among the paths. An extension to SCTP – denoted as Concurrent Multipath Transfer (CMT) – realises this load sharing functionality. While this approach works well for similar paths, i.e. paths having similar characteristics regarding bandwidths, bit error rates and delays, the use of dissimilar paths does not work that neatly. In this thesis, the issues of dissimilar paths for CMT-based load sharing will be demonstrated first. The reasons for these issues will be identified and solutions proposed. These solutions will be evaluated in simulations, as well as partially also in a real-world Internet testbed setup, in order to show their effectiveness. In particular, it will be shown that a combination of multiple mechanisms is necessary to make CMT work as expected under a wide range of network and system parameters. Furthermore, the fairness of CMT-based transport – in concurrency to classic non-CMT flows – will be analysed. The usage of plain CMT leads to an overly aggressive bandwidth occupation on so-called shared bottlenecks. As a countermeasure, the idea of Resource Pooling will be utilised. For this purpose, two new and one adapted congestion control approach – all based on the Resource Pooling principle – will be introduced and examined in similar as well as dissimilar path setups, in order to show how to fairly deploy CMT transport in the Internet. The results of this work have also been contributed to the ongoing IETF standardisation process of SCTP and its extensions.
MD5: add34f0b780cb35b7ee1f963ea85e59c
Dreibholz, Thomas: ``Konzepte für das Future Internet aus der Netzperspektive´´ (PDF, 5777 KiB, 🇩🇪), Habilitation Talk, University of Duisburg-Essen, Faculty of Economics, Institute for Computer Science and Business Information Systems, URN urn:nbn:de:hbz:464-20120404-135350-0, March 13, 2012, [BibTeX, XML].
Keywords: Future Internet, Habilitationsvortrag
Abstract: Vielen seiner Benutzer erscheint das Internet als neuartig und hochmodern. Seine Grundlagen jedoch sind keineswegs neu, sondern basieren auf mittlerweile fast 40 Jahre alten Ideen. Dienste werden mittels eines geschichteten, hierarchischen Protokollstacks realisiert, bei welchem eine Interaktion nicht-benachbarter Schichten nicht vorgesehen ist. Dieser starre Aufbau macht bereits das Anpassen der Internet-Architektur an die Anforderungen der heutigen Anwendungen – wie etwa File Sharing, Videotelefonie und mobile Endgeräte – kompliziert. Die großen Herausforderungen des zukünftigen Internets – welches als das Future Internet bezeichnet wird – mit Anwendungsszenarien wie Cloud Computing, Internet of Things, Sensornetzwerken und vielen weiteren – erfordern jedoch noch weitaus umfangreichere Anpassungen. Zudem ist eine große Flexibilität erforderlich, um auch weiteren – heute noch nicht absehbaren – Anforderungen gerecht zu werden. Im Rahmen dieses Habilitationsvortrages wird zunächst kurz auf die Probleme des aktuellen Internets eingegangen sowie die Herausforderungen des Future Internets vorgestellt. Im Anschluss daran wird eine Auswahl der für den Übergang zum Future Internet möglichen evolutionären sowie revolutionären Ansätze vorgestellt. Der Schwerpunkt liegt hierbei auf den noch relativ neuen – und in der Forschung momentan sehr aktiv diskutierten – revolutionären Ansätzen, welche mit der Idee des sogenannten Clean Slate einen vollständigen Neuansatz anstreben. Hierbei werden die Ansätze der Funktionalen Komposition, des Content-Centric Networking sowie der Virtualisierung von Netzwerken vorgestellt. Zum Schluss wird dann auf die Frage eingegangen, wie eine Nutzung der vorgestellten Ansätze in der Praxis möglich ist und welche der aktuell in Diskussion befindlichen Ansätze sich in Zukunft voraussichtlich durchsetzen werden.
MD5: bd09fd9172fccb9edd4ee88299038f47
Dreibholz, Thomas; Adhari, Hakim; Becke, Martin and Rathgeb, Erwin Paul: ``NetPerfMeter – A Versatile Tool for Multi-Protocol Network Performance Evaluations´´ (PDF, 334 KiB, 🇬🇧), OMNeT++ Code Contribution, University of Duisburg-Essen, Institute for Experimental Mathematics, February 8, 2012, [BibTeX, XML].
Keywords: Application Model, NetPerfMeter, Performance Evaluation, Multipath Transfer
Abstract: Transport Layer protocols supporting multipath transfer, i.e. to simultaneously utilise multiple Network Layer paths, are actively discussed in the IETF – particularly in the context of Multi-Path TCP (MPTCP) and Concurrent Multipath Transfer for SCTP (CMT-SCTP). Congestion control for such protocols is an important research topic. In this code contribution paper, we introduce our application model NetPerfMeter. NetPerfMeter has been developed for performance evaluations of different transport protocols, like for the Linux/FreeBSD performance metering application NetPerfMeter.
URL: https://www.wiwi.uni-due.de/fileadmin/fileupload/I-TDR/SCTP/Paper/NetPerfMeterSim2012.pdf
MD5: dc5a70671636b3367df1a2878f6081fd
Dreibholz, Thomas; Becke, Martin; Adhari, Hakim; Rathgeb, Erwin Paul; Rüngeler, Irene; Seggelmann, Robin and Tüxen, Michael: ``Improvements to the SCTP Environment in the INET Framework´´ (PDF, 875 KiB, 🇬🇧), OMNeT++ Code Contribution, University of Duisburg-Essen, Institute for Experimental Mathematics, February 6, 2012, [BibTeX, XML].
Keywords: Stream Control Transmission Protocol (SCTP), SCTP Extensions, Simulation, Multi-Homing, Auto-Routing
Abstract: This code contribution paper provides an overview of the enhancements to the Stream Control Transmission Protocol (SCTP) environment of the INET Framework. Besides a highly improved SCTP core protocol, a couple of SCTP extensions – being either already standardized or currently under discussion in the IETF – have been realized. Furthermore, extended test applications and an auto-routing module with multi-homing support have been added. These enhancements make state-of-the-art SCTP simulation scenarios possible.
URL: https://www.wiwi.uni-due.de/fileadmin/fileupload/I-TDR/SCTP/Paper/SCTPSim2012.pdf
MD5: ae78a4d0bda04dc875c7262cd285434c
Dreibholz, Thomas: ``Multipath-Transfer mit dem Stream Control Transmission Protocol´´ (PDF, 2096 KiB, 🇬🇧), Invited Talk at Technische Universität Darmstadt, Multimedia Communications Lab, Darmstadt, Hessen/Germany, November 16, 2011, [BibTeX, XML].
URL: https://www.wiwi.uni-due.de/fileadmin/fileupload/I-TDR/SCTP/Paper/Darmstadt2011.pdf
MD5: 438d0b3f6caab7b168c16a24eba97306
Dreibholz, Thomas; Becke, Martin; Adhari, Hakim and Rathgeb, Erwin Paul: ``Evaluation of A New Multipath Congestion Control Scheme using the NetPerfMeter Tool-Chain´´ (PDF, 360 KiB, 🇬🇧), in Proceedings of the 19th IEEE International Conference on Software, Telecommunications and Computer Networks (SoftCOM), pp. 1–6, ISBN 978-953-290-027-9, Hvar, Dalmacija/Croatia, September 16, 2011, [BibTeX, XML].
Keywords: NetPerfMeter Tool-Chain, Concurrent Multipath Transfer, Congestion Control, Dissimilar Paths, Performance Analysis
Abstract: Multi-homed Internet sites become more and more widespread, due to the rising dispersal of inexpensive Internet access technologies combined with the growing deployment of resilience-critical applications. Concurrent Multipath Transfer (CMT) denotes the Transport Layer approach to utilise multiple network paths simultaneously, in order to improve application payload throughput. Currently, CMT is a quite hot topic in the IETF – in form of the Multipath TCP (MPTCP) and CMT-SCTP protocol extensions for TCP and SCTP. However, an important issue is still not fully solved: multipath congestion control. In order to support the IETF activities, we have set up a distributed Internet testbed for CMT evaluation. An important tool – which we have developed for multi-protocol Transport Layer performance analysis – is the Open Source NetPerfMeter tool-chain. It supports the parametrisation and processing of measurement runs as well as results collection, post-processing and plotting. However, its key feature is to support multiple Transport Layer protocols, which makes a quantitative comparison of different protocols – including state-of-the-art features like CMT – possible. In this paper, we first introduce NetPerfMeter and then show a proof-of-concept performance evaluation of CMT congestion controls which are currently discussed in the IETF standardisation process of CMT-SCTP.
URL: https://www.wiwi.uni-due.de/fileadmin/fileupload/I-TDR/SCTP/Paper/SoftCOM2011.pdf
MD5: 23b808c6caa72f0cfb5213d8b6cf7b31
Dreibholz, Thomas; Becke, Martin; Adhari, Hakim and Rathgeb, Erwin Paul: ``On the Impact of Congestion Control for Concurrent Multipath Transfer on the Transport Layer´´ (PDF, 6498 KiB, 🇬🇧), in Proceedings of the 11th IEEE International Conference on Telecommunications (ConTEL), pp. 397–404, ISBN 978-953-184-152-8, Graz, Steiermark/Austria, June 16, 2011, [BibTeX, XML].
Keywords: Concurrent Multipath Transfer, Congestion Control, Resource Sharing, Dissimilar Paths, Performance Analysis
Abstract: Due to the resilience requirements of a steadily growing number of critical Internet services (like emergency call handling or e-commerce transactions), the deployment of multi-homed network sites becomes more and more common. Having multiple Internet access paths, it seems straightforward to utilise them simultaneously in order to improve payload throughput by so-called Concurrent Multipath Transfer (CMT). Currently, CMT extensions for the two important Internet Transport Layer protocols – Multipath-TCP (MPTCP) for TCP and CMT-SCTP for SCTP – are in the focus of IETF standardisation. A challenge – which is currently very actively discussed in the IETF context – is congestion control for these CMT protocols. Based on the idea of Resource Pooling (RP), two approaches are currently discussed in the IETF: our own approach CMT/RP for CMT-SCTP as well as the MPTCP congestion control for MPTCP. Both approaches only have been roughly tested yet – mostly in similar path setups, i.e. paths having almost the same QoS characteristics, using "their" protocol. Therefore, the goal of this paper is to compare the existing approaches. Particularly, we also analyse more challenging scenarios containing dissimilar paths, i.e. paths having differing characteristics. Our goal is to provide insight into the different approaches, to support the IETF standardisation activities on CMT.
URL: https://www.wiwi.uni-due.de/fileadmin/fileupload/I-TDR/SCTP/Paper/ConTEL2011.pdf
MD5: aaf983738968d60f58a9abafc54d4344
Dreibholz, Thomas: ``Server-Redundanz und Lastverteilung einfach in eigene Anwendungen integrieren – mit Reliable Server Pooling und RSPLIB´´ (PDF, 1309 KiB, 🇩🇪), in Proceedings of the LinuxTag, Berlin/Germany, May 12, 2011, [BibTeX, XML].
Keywords: Reliable Server Pooling (RSerPool), Hochverfügbarkeit, Redundanz, Überblick, Implementierung, RSPLIB
Abstract: RSPLIB ist die Open-Source-Implementierung von Reliable Server Pooling (RSerPool), dem noch sehr neuen IETF-Standard für Server-Redundanz und Sitzungsverwaltung. Dieser Artikel soll insbesondere zeigen, wie RSerPool mit RSPLIB in eigenen Anwendungen für Hochverfügbarkeit und Lastverteilung eingesetzt werden kann. Im Rahmen des Vortrags soll zudem eine Beispielanwendung in der Praxis demonstriert werden.
URL: https://www.wiwi.uni-due.de/fileadmin/fileupload/I-TDR/ReliableServer/Publications/LinuxTag2011.pdf
MD5: 7a76c18c786514b2dea9ca272ecc7bbc
Dreibholz, Thomas; Rüngeler, Irene; Seggelmann, Robin; Tüxen, Michael; Rathgeb, Erwin Paul and Stewart, Randall R.: ``Stream Control Transmission Protocol: Past, Current, and Future Standardization Activities´´ (PDF, 287 KiB, 🇬🇧), in IEEE Communications Magazine, vol. 49, no. 4, pp. 82–88, DOI 10.1109/MCOM.2011.5741151, ISSN 0163-6804, April 5, 2011, [BibTeX, XML].
Abstract: The Stream Control Transmission Protocol (SCTP) is a general-purpose transport layer protocol providing a service similar to TCP – plus a set of advanced features to utilize the enhanced capabilities of modern IP networks and to support increased application requirements. Nowadays, there are SCTP implementations for all major operating systems. While SCTP was standardized as an RFC several years ago, there is still significant ongoing work within the IETF to discuss and standardize further features in the form of protocol extensions. In this article, we first introduce the SCTP base protocol and already standardized extensions. After that, we focus on the ongoing SCTP standardization progress in the IETF and give an overview of activities and challenges in the areas of security and concurrent multipath transport.
URL: https://www.wiwi.uni-due.de/fileadmin/fileupload/I-TDR/SCTP/Paper/CommMag2011.pdf
MD5: 51c1a62c2f4dfeb2725b1e0fae3b3d10
Adhari, Hakim; Dreibholz, Thomas; Becke, Martin; Rathgeb, Erwin Paul and Tüxen, Michael: ``Evaluation of Concurrent Multipath Transfer over Dissimilar Paths´´ (PDF, 666 KiB, 🇬🇧), in Proceedings of the 1st International Workshop on Protocols and Applications with Multi-Homing Support (PAMS), pp. 708–714, DOI 10.1109/WAINA.2011.92, ISBN 978-0-7695-4338-3, Singapore, March 22, 2011, [BibTeX, XML].
Keywords: Concurrent Multipath Transfer, Dissimilar Paths, Buffer Handling, Performance Analysis, Experimental Validation
Abstract: The steadily growing deployment of resilience-critical Internet services is leading to an increasing number of Multi-Homed network sites. Asymmetric Digital Subscriber Lines (ADSL) are an inexpensive way to add a secondary Internet access connection. With the development of Multi-Path Transport Layer protocols – like Multipath TCP (MPTCP) and the Stream Control Transmission Protocol (SCTP) furnished by a Concurrent Multipath Transfer (CMT-SCTP) extension – there is also a strong interest in utilising all access connections simultaneously to improve the data throughput of the applications. However, combining network paths over ADSL with paths over other access technologies like fibre optic links implies highly dissimilar paths with significantly different bandwidths, delays and queuing behaviours. Efficient Multi-Path transport over such dissimilar paths is a challenging task for the new Transport Layer protocols under development. In this paper, we show the difficulties of Multi-Path transport in a real-world dissimilar path setup which consists of a high-speed fibre optic link and an ADSL connection. After that, we present an optimised buffer handling technique which solves the transport efficiency issues in this setup. Our optimisation is first analysed by simulations. Finally, we also show the usefulness of our approach by experimental evaluation in a real Multi-Homed Internet setup.
URL: https://www.wiwi.uni-due.de/fileadmin/fileupload/I-TDR/SCTP/Paper/PAMS2011.pdf
MD5: a19f952606b97dc19de3870e7af038ca
Becke, Martin and Dreibholz, Thomas: ``Multi-Path Transport´´ (PDF, 1660 KiB, 🇬🇧), in Proceedings of the 1st DFG/NSF Doctoral Consortium, San Juan/Puerto Rico, Poster Presentation, March 13, 2011, [BibTeX, XML].
URL: https://www.wiwi.uni-due.de/fileadmin/fileupload/I-TDR/SCTP/Paper/GENIWorkshop2011.pdf
MD5: 7ddf90624d681ac2fd4da0882e5780cc
Becke, Martin; Dreibholz, Thomas; Rathgeb, Erwin Paul and Formann, Johannes: ``Link Emulation on the Data Link Layer in a Linux-based Future Internet Testbed Environment´´ (PDF, 465 KiB, 🇬🇧), in Proceedings of the 10th International Conference on Networks (ICN), pp. 92–98, ISBN 978-1-61208-002-4, St. Maarten/Netherlands Antilles, January 25, 2011, [BibTeX, XML].
Keywords: Link Emulation, Data Link Layer, Future Internet Testbed, NetEm, Dummynet
Abstract: Protocol design and development is not a straight-forward process. Each approach must be validated for interactions and side-effects in the existing network environments. But the Internet itself is not a good test environment, since its components are not controllable and certain problem situations (like congestion or error conditions) are difficult to reproduce. Various testbeds have been built up to fill this gap. Most of these testbeds also support link emulation, i.e. using software to mimic the characteristic behaviour of certain kinds of network links (like bandwidth bottlenecks or error-prone radio transmissions). The most popular link emulation systems are the Linux-based NetEm and Dummynet, which are e.g. applied on the IP layer of Planet-Lab and various other testbeds. However, the restriction to the OSI Network Layer (here: IP) is insufficient to test new non-IP Future Internet protocols. In this paper, we first introduce Dummynet and NetEm. After that, we will present our approach of adapting Dummynet for Linux to support link emulation on the Data Link Layer. Finally, we evaluate the applicability and performance of Dummynet and NetEm for link emulation on the Data Link Layer, in a Planet-Lab-based testbed environment. Our goal is to outline the performance and limitations of both approaches in the context of Planet-Lab-based testbeds, in order to make them applicable for the evaluation of non-IP Future Internet protocols.
URL: https://www.wiwi.uni-due.de/fileadmin/fileupload/I-TDR/SCTP/Paper/ICN2011.pdf
MD5: 7dc2f73a942b21aaf8993354ead8f9e2
Dreibholz, Thomas; Becke, Martin; Rathgeb, Erwin Paul and Tüxen, Michael: ``On the Use of Concurrent Multipath Transfer over Asymmetric Paths´´ (PDF, 1036 KiB, 🇬🇧), in Proceedings of the IEEE Global Communications Conference (GLOBECOM), DOI 10.1109/GLOCOM.2010.5683579, ISBN 978-1-4244-5637-6, Miami, Florida/U.S.A., December 7, 2010, [BibTeX, XML].
Keywords: Concurrent Multipath Transfer, Resource Pooling, Asymmetric Paths, Buffer Handling, Performance Analysis
Abstract: With the deployment of more and more resilience-critical Internet applications, there is a rising demand for multi-homed network sites. This leads to the desire for simultaneously utilising all available access paths to improve application data throughput. This is commonly known as Concurrent Multipath Transfer (CMT), approaches for several Transport Layer protocols have been proposed. Combined with Resource Pooling (RP), CMT can also fairly coexist with concurrent non-CMT flows. Current approaches focus on symmetric paths (i.e. similar bandwidth, delay and error rate). However, asymmetric paths are much more likely – particularly for realistic Internet setups – and efficient CMT usage on such paths is therefore crucial. In this paper, we first show the challenges of plain as well as RP-aware CMT data transport over asymmetric paths. After that, we introduce mechanisms for efficient transport over such paths. Finally, we analyse the performance of our approaches by using simulations.
URL: https://www.wiwi.uni-due.de/fileadmin/fileupload/I-TDR/SCTP/Paper/Globecom2010.pdf
MD5: 96629a6c95f6882e9fdd54acdee2de5d
Dreibholz, Thomas; Seggelmann, Robin; Tüxen, Michael and Rathgeb, Erwin Paul: ``Transmission Scheduling Optimizations for Concurrent Multipath Transfer´´ (PDF, 633 KiB, 🇬🇧), in Proceedings of the 8th International Workshop on Protocols for Future, Large-Scale and Diverse Network Transports (PFLDNeT), vol. 8, ISSN 2074-5168, Lancaster, Pennsylvania/U.S.A., November 29, 2010, [BibTeX, XML].
Keywords: Concurrent Multipath Transfer, Scheduling, Optimizations, Analysis
Abstract: SCTP is a general-purpose Transport Layer protocol with out-of-the-box support for multi-streaming as well as multi-homing. A protocol extension, which is denoted as CMT-SCTP, extends SCTP by supporting Concurrent Multipath Transfer (CMT). That is, multiple network paths are utilized simultaneously in order to improve the payload data throughput. However, dissimilar paths – i.e. paths having different delays or bandwidths – are challenging and also very likely in internet setups. In this paper, we show how CMT-SCTP data transport performance can be improved by combining multi-streaming with an advanced stream scheduling policy and SCTP API enhancements. The performance benefit of our approach in dissimilar path setups is proven by simulations.
URL: https://www.wiwi.uni-due.de/fileadmin/fileupload/I-TDR/SCTP/Paper/PFLDNeT2010.pdf
MD5: 18c2a0c4862d943aa53ff719459d7203
Dreibholz, Thomas: ``Buffer Splitting for Efficient Transport over Asymmetric Paths´´ (PDF, 363 KiB, 🇬🇧), Talk at the SIG Multipath Meeting during the 10th Joint EuroFGI and ITG Workshop on Visions of Future Network Generations (EuroView), Würzburg, Bayern/Germany, August 4, 2010, [BibTeX, XML].
URL: https://www.wiwi.uni-due.de/fileadmin/fileupload/I-TDR/SCTP/Paper/EuroView2010-SIGMultiPath-SCTP.pdf
MD5: af684a42671409244ea97fa6518935f9
Dreibholz, Thomas; Becke, Martin; Henke, Christian and Rathgeb, Erwin Paul: ``An Approach for Transferring an End-to-End Transport Service into a Functional Building Block Structure´´ (PDF, 149 KiB, 🇬🇧), in Proceedings of the 5th GI/ITG KuVS Workshop on the Future Internet, Stuttgart, Baden-Württemberg/Germany, June 9, 2010, [BibTeX, XML].
Keywords: Transport, Multi-Path, Functional Building Blocks, Cross-Layer Optimization, Future Internet
Abstract: Current network stacks based on the classic OSI layered reference model are restricted and inflexible, which makes the addition and deployment of new features difficult. Operating systems offer an interface for the Transport Layer functionalities to applications. The usage of this interface is very widespread, making it useful to maintain this interface. However, the layered structure should be replaced. In this paper, we propose our approach for breaking up the functionalities of the OSI Transport Layer into the concept so called functional building blocks. Each functional building block provides a particular service, which – in interaction with the other functional building blocks – is able to provide a service similar to the classic OSI Transport Layer. The concept allows for easy removal, replacement or addition of existing and new functional building blocks to adapt the service to state-of-the-art and future requirements, particularly including multi-path transport and QoS.
MD5: e39b36008b54d24b3dfb391ac8b3eeb5
Dreibholz, Thomas; Becke, Martin; Pulinthanath, Jobin and Rathgeb, Erwin Paul: ``Applying TCP-Friendly Congestion Control to Concurrent Multipath Transfer´´ (PDF, 957 KiB, 🇬🇧), in Proceedings of the 24th IEEE International Conference on Advanced Information Networking and Applications (AINA), pp. 312–319, DOI 10.1109/AINA.2010.117, ISBN 978-0-7695-4018-4, Perth, Western Australia/Australia, April 21, 2010, [BibTeX, XML].
Keywords: Multi-Homing, Congestion Control, Resource Pooling, Fairness, Proof of Concept
Abstract: The steadily growing importance of Internet-based applications and their resilience requirements lead to a rising number of multi-homed sites. The idea of Concurrent Multipath Transfer (CMT) is to exploit the existence of multiple paths among endpoints to increase application data throughput. However, handling the congestion control of each path independently lacks of fairness against non-CMT flows. In this paper, we describe our approach of combining CMT with the idea of Resource Pooling (RP) in order to achieve a performance improvement over non-CMT transfer while still remaining fair to concurrent flows on congested links. Unlike existing approaches which adapt classic TCP to a multi-homed CMT protocol, our approach does not depend on specific characteristics of TCP. Instead, we base on already entrenched functional blocks of CMT transfer, on the example of the CMT-enabled SCTP (Stream Control Transmission Protocol). In a simulative proof-of-concept analysis, we show that our approach – while relatively simple – is already quite effective.
URL: https://www.wiwi.uni-due.de/fileadmin/fileupload/I-TDR/SCTP/Paper/AINA2010.pdf
MD5: 11d400faa0a4c994d27fa6a6ebc5f9cc
Reschka, Thomas; Dreibholz, Thomas; Becke, Martin; Pulinthanath, Jobin and Rathgeb, Erwin Paul: ``Enhancement of the TCP Module in the OMNeT++/INET Framework´´ (PDF, 582 KiB, 🇬🇧), in Proceedings of the 3rd ACM/ICST International Workshop on OMNeT++, ISBN 978-963-9799-87-5, Torremolinos, Málaga/Spain, March 19, 2010, [BibTeX, XML].
Keywords: OMNeT++, INET Framework, TCP, Selective Acknowledgement, Flow Control
Abstract: The INET framework for the simulation tool OMNeT++ provides a TCP module, which can be used for evaluating various Internet applications. However, the implementation of this TCP module has not been state of the art. Some important features of modern TCP implementations – particularly Selective Acknowledgements (SACK) and a complete Flow Control – have been missing. In this paper, we first introduce basic TCP mechanisms. After that, we introduce the extensions we have made to the TCP module of INET. Finally, we show some results of our performance evaluation.
URL: https://www.wiwi.uni-due.de/fileadmin/fileupload/I-TDR/SCTP/Paper/OMNeT__Workshop2010-TCP.pdf
MD5: 53c126fdf4f77d433ef5f7601dea5b60
Dreibholz, Thomas; Becke, Martin; Pulinthanath, Jobin and Rathgeb, Erwin Paul: ``Implementation and Evaluation of Concurrent Multipath Transfer for SCTP in the INET Framework´´ (PDF, 587 KiB, 🇬🇧), in Proceedings of the 3rd ACM/ICST International Workshop on OMNeT++, DOI 10.4108/ICST.SIMUTOOLS2010.8673, ISBN 978-963-9799-87-5, Torremolinos, Málaga/Spain, March 19, 2010, [BibTeX, XML].
Keywords: INET Framework, SCTP, Concurrent Multipath Transfer, Model, Evaluation
Abstract: The steadily growing importance of resilience-critical Internet applications leads to a rising number of multi-homed sites and systems. But since the protocols of the classical Internet – particularly TCP – assume a single access path only, the number of programs supporting multiple network paths is still small. The Stream Control Transport Protocol (SCTP), which is an advanced general-purpose transport protocol and the possible successor of TCP, brings the support of multi-homing into the applications. For technical reasons, SCTP uses one network path for data transmission and utilizes the other paths for backup only. An extension to support the load balancing of user data onto multiple paths in order to increase the payload throughput is Concurrent Multipath Transfer for SCTP, denoted as CMT-SCTP. In this paper, we describe our CMT-SCTP extension for the SCTP model provided by the INET framework. By using proof-of-concept simulations, we furthermore demonstrate its usability and configuration parameters.
URL: https://www.wiwi.uni-due.de/fileadmin/fileupload/I-TDR/SCTP/Paper/OMNeT__Workshop2010-SCTP.pdf
MD5: 910129c4f8742f16aa603347276bcf90
The complete BibTeX references in a single file can be found here!
Dreibholz, Thomas; Becke, Martin and Adhari, Hakim: ``SCTP Socket API Extensions for Concurrent Multipath Transfer´´ (TXT, 13 KiB, 🇬🇧), Internet Draft draft-dreibholz-tsvwg-sctpsocket-multipath-29, IETF, Individual Submission, September 30, 2024, [BibTeX, XML].
Previous versions: draft-dreibholz-tsvwg-sctpsocket-multipath-28, 27, 26, 25, 24, 23, 22, 21, 20, 19, 18, 17, 16, 15, 14, 13, 12, 11, 10, 09, 08, 07, 06, 05, 04, 03, 02, 01, 00.
Abstract: This document describes extensions to the SCTP sockets API for configuring the CMT-SCTP and CMT/RP-SCTP extensions.
URL: https://tools.ietf.org/id/draft-dreibholz-tsvwg-sctpsocket-multipath-29.txt
MD5: 0e98338ddef3a0bfefa1c3c0bd04ee2f
Hohendorf, Carsten; Unurkhaan, Esbold and Dreibholz, Thomas: ``Secure SCTP´´ (TXT, 90 KiB, 🇬🇧), Internet Draft draft-hohendorf-secure-sctp-38, IETF, Individual Submission, September 30, 2024, [BibTeX, XML].
Previous versions: draft-hohendorf-secure-sctp-37, 36, 35, 34, 33, 32, 31, 30, 29, 28, 27, 26, 25, 24, 23, 22, 21, 20, 19, 18, 17, 16, 15, 14, 13, 12, 11, 10, 09, 08, 07, 06, 05, 04, 03, 02, 01, 00.
Abstract: This document explains the reason for the integration of security functionality into SCTP, and gives a short description of S-SCTP and its services. S-SCTP is fully compatible with SCTP defined in RFC4960, it is designed to integrate cryptographic functions into SCTP.
URL: https://tools.ietf.org/id/draft-hohendorf-secure-sctp-38.txt
MD5: 9d8138e5d815a683bb7cb62fb45adc39
Dreibholz, Thomas; Seggelmann, Robin and Becke, Martin: ``Sender Queue Info Option for the SCTP Socket API´´ (TXT, 14 KiB, 🇬🇧), Internet Draft draft-dreibholz-tsvwg-sctpsocket-sqinfo-29, IETF, Individual Submission, September 30, 2024, [BibTeX, XML].
Previous versions: draft-dreibholz-tsvwg-sctpsocket-sqinfo-28, 27, 26, 25, 24, 23, 22, 21, 20, 19, 18, 17, 16, 15, 14, 13, 12, 11, 10, 09, 08, 07, 06, 05, 04, 03, 02, 01, 00.
Abstract: This document describes an extension to the SCTP sockets API for querying information about the sender queue.
URL: https://tools.ietf.org/id/draft-dreibholz-tsvwg-sctpsocket-sqinfo-29.txt
MD5: e99246ac3422a49f7f4fef27bb20adaf
Tüxen, Michael and Stewart, Randall R.: ``Additional Considerations for UDP Encapsulation of Stream Control Transmission Protocol (SCTP) Packets´´ (TXT, 15 KiB, 🇬🇧), Internet Draft draft-tuexen-tsvwg-sctp-udp-encaps-cons-10, IETF, Individual Submission, September 7, 2024, [BibTeX, XML].
Previous versions: draft-tuexen-tsvwg-sctp-udp-encaps-cons-09, 08, 07, 06, 05, 04, 03, 02, 01, 00.
Abstract: RFC 6951 specifies the UDP encapsulation of SCTP packets. The described handling of received packets requires the check of the verification tag. However, RFC 6951 misses a specification of the handling of received packets for which this check is not possible. This document updates RFC 6951 by specifying the handling of received packets for which the verification tag can not be checked.
URL: https://tools.ietf.org/id/draft-tuexen-tsvwg-sctp-udp-encaps-cons-10.txt
MD5: c23012fde770ab791cef964564ec707b
Becke, Martin; Dreibholz, Thomas; Ekiz, Nasif; Iyengar, Janardhan R.; Natarajan, Preethi; Stewart, Randall R. and Tüxen, Michael: ``Load Sharing for the Stream Control Transmission Protocol (SCTP)´´ (TXT, 61 KiB, 🇬🇧), Internet Draft draft-tuexen-tsvwg-sctp-multipath-28, IETF, Individual Submission, September 5, 2024, [BibTeX, XML].
Previous versions: draft-tuexen-tsvwg-sctp-multipath-27, 26, 25, 24, 23, 22, 21, 20, 19, 18, 17, 16, 15, 14, 13, 12, 11, 10, 09, 08, 07, 06, 05, 04, 03, 02, 01, 00.
Abstract: The Stream Control Transmission Protocol (SCTP) supports multi-homing for providing network fault tolerance. However, mainly one path is used for data transmission. Only timer-based retransmissions are carried over other paths as well. This document describes how multiple paths can be used simultaneously for transmitting user messages.
URL: https://tools.ietf.org/id/draft-tuexen-tsvwg-sctp-multipath-28.txt
MD5: ec9f508bb473c9a7a948a2fef2d878b7
Stewart, Randall R. and Tüxen, Michael: ``ECN for Stream Control Transmission Protocol (SCTP)´´ (TXT, 27 KiB, 🇬🇧), Internet Draft draft-stewart-tsvwg-sctpecn-07, IETF, Individual Submission, April 22, 2024, [BibTeX, XML].
Previous versions: draft-stewart-tsvwg-sctpecn-06, 05, 04, 03, 02, 01, 00.
Abstract: This document describes the addition of the Explicit Congestion Notification (ECN) to the Stream Control Transmission Protocol (SCTP).
URL: https://tools.ietf.org/id/draft-stewart-tsvwg-sctpecn-07.txt
MD5: b9942e7767b715a9030e139184cc9f75
Stewart, Randall R.; Tüxen, Michael and Rüngeler, Irene: ``Stream Control Transmission Protocol (SCTP) Network Address Translation Support´´ (TXT, 108 KiB, 🇬🇧), Internet Draft draft-ietf-tsvwg-natsupp-23, IETF, October 25, 2021, [BibTeX, XML].
Previous versions: draft-stewart-natsupp-tsvwg-01, 00.
Abstract: The Stream Control Transmission Protocol (SCTP) provides a reliable communications channel between two end-hosts in many ways similar to the Transmission Control Protocol (TCP). With the widespread deployment of Network Address Translators (NAT), specialized code has been added to NAT functions for TCP that allows multiple hosts to reside behind a NAT function and yet share a single IPv4 address, even when two hosts (behind a NAT function) choose the same port numbers for their connection. This additional code is sometimes classified as Network Address and Port Translation (NAPT). This document describes the protocol extensions needed for the SCTP endpoints and the mechanisms for NAT functions necessary to provide similar features of NAPT in the single point and multipoint traversal scenario. Finally, a YANG module for SCTP NAT is defined.
URL: https://tools.ietf.org/id/draft-ietf-tsvwg-natsupp-23.txt
MD5: 92485035b81c664b7dd389ddbe0e85b1
Proshin, Maksim: ``Retransmit bit for SCTP DATA, I-DATA and SACK´´ (TXT, 27 KiB, 🇬🇧), Internet Draft draft-proshin-tsvwg-sctp-rtx-bit-03, IETF, Individual Submission, June 1, 2020, [BibTeX, XML].
Previous versions: draft-proshin-tsvwg-sctp-rtx-bit-02, 01, 00.
Abstract: This document defines a method which helps an SCTP sender to understand when a received SACK acknowledges the original transmission of a TSN or its retransmission. It is done by specifying a new bit, called Retransmit bit (R-bit), in the header of DATA, I-DATA and SACK chunks. The bit is used when a TSN is retransmitted and returned back in the acknowledgement. This document updates [RFC4960] if approved.
URL: https://tools.ietf.org/id/draft-proshin-tsvwg-sctp-rtx-bit-03.txt
MD5: dd68dac19392f454f65821df6782d691
Stewart, Randall R.; Tüxen, Michael and Proshin, Maksim: ``Stream Control Transmission Protocol: Errata and Issues in RFC 4960´´ (TXT, 163 KiB, 🇬🇧), Informational RFC 8540, IETF, DOI 10.17487/RFC8540, ISSN 2070-1721, February 2019, [BibTeX, XML].
Previous versions: draft-ietf-tsvwg-rfc4960-errata-08, 07, 06, 05, 04, 03, 02, 01, 00.
Historic versions: draft-tuexen-tsvwg-rfc4960-errata-04, 03, 02, 01, 00.
Abstract: This document is a compilation of issues found since the publication of RFC 4960 in September 2007, based on experience with implementing, testing, and using the Stream Control Transmission Protocol (SCTP) along with the suggested fixes. This document provides deltas to RFC 4960 and is organized in a time-ordered way. The issues are listed in the order in which they were brought up. Because some text is changed several times, the last delta in the text is the one that should be applied. In addition to the deltas, a description of each problem and the details of the solution for each are also provided.
URL: https://www.rfc-editor.org/rfc/rfc8540.txt
MD5: dd9ae5373c2c992b651c9c9da40b1c44
Tüxen, Michael; Stewart, Randall R.; Jesup, Randell and Loreto, Salvatore: ``Datagram Transport Layer Security (DTLS) Encapsulation of SCTP Packets´´ (TXT, 21 KiB, 🇬🇧), Standards Track RFC 8261, IETF, DOI 10.17487/RFC8261, ISSN 2070-1721, November 2017, [BibTeX, XML].
Previous versions: draft-ietf-tsvwg-sctp-dtls-encaps-09, 08, 07, 06, 05, 04, 03, 02, 01, 00.
Historic versions: draft-tuexen-tsvwg-sctp-dtls-encaps-01, 00.
Abstract: The Stream Control Transmission Protocol (SCTP) is a transport protocol originally defined to run on top of the network protocols IPv4 or IPv6. This document specifies how SCTP can be used on top of the Datagram Transport Layer Security (DTLS) protocol. Using the encapsulation method described in this document, SCTP is unaware of the protocols being used below DTLS; hence, explicit IP addresses cannot be used in the SCTP control chunks. As a consequence, the SCTP associations carried over DTLS can only be single-homed.
URL: https://www.rfc-editor.org/rfc/rfc8261.txt
MD5: 0a4d0602366ca70c4a3f0005fd4cf3d0
Stewart, Randall R.; Tüxen, Michael; Loreto, Salvatore and Seggelmann, Robin: ``Stream Schedulers and User Message Interleaving for the Stream Control Transmission Protocol´´ (TXT, 50 KiB, 🇬🇧), Standards Track RFC 8260, IETF, DOI 10.17487/RFC8260, ISSN 2070-1721, November 2017, [BibTeX, XML].
Previous versions: draft-ietf-tsvwg-sctp-ndata-13, 12, 11, 10, 09, 08, 07, 06, 05, 04, 03, 02, 01, 00.
Historic versions: draft-stewart-tsvwg-sctp-ndata-03, 02, 01, 00.
Abstract: The Stream Control Transmission Protocol (SCTP) is a message-oriented transport protocol supporting arbitrarily large user messages. This document adds a new chunk to SCTP for carrying payload data. This allows a sender to interleave different user messages that would otherwise result in head-of-line blocking at the sender. The interleaving of user messages is required for WebRTC data channels.
URL: https://www.rfc-editor.org/rfc/rfc8260.txt
MD5: 03c8abcd8fea90ca1c6d27aadfc8bb09
Holmberg, Christer; Shpount, Roman; Loreto, Salvatore and Camarillo, Gonzalo: ``Stream Control Transmission Protocol (SCTP)-Based Media Transport in the Session Description Protocol (SDP)´´ (application/x-wine-extension-ini, 54 KiB, 🇬🇧), Internet Draft draft-ietf-mmusic-sctp-sdp-26, IETF, April 20, 2017, [BibTeX, XML].
Previous versions: draft-ietf-mmusic-sctp-sdp-25, 24, 23, 22, 21, 20, 19, 18, 17, 16, 15, 14, 13, 12, 11, 10, 09, 08, 07, 06, 05, 04, 03, 02, 01, 00.
Abstract: The Stream Control Transmission Protocol (SCTP) is a transport protocol used to establish associations between two endpoints. RFC 8261 specifies how SCTP can be used on top of the Datagram Transport Layer Security (DTLS) protocol, which is referred to as SCTP-over-DTLS. This specification defines the following new Session Description Protocol (SDP) protocol identifiers (proto values): "UDP/DTLS/SCTP" and "TCP/DTLS/SCTP". This specification also specifies how to use the new proto values with the SDP offer/answer mechanism for negotiating SCTP-over-DTLS associations.
URL: https://tools.ietf.org/id/draft-ietf-mmusic-sctp-sdp-26.txt
MD5: 0e68ad8cf3ddaed72122e4bfdd39cd60
Nishida, Yoshifumi; Natarajan, Preethi; Caro, Armando L.; Amer, Paul D. and Nielsen, Karen E. E.: ``SCTP-PF: A Quick Failover Algorithm for the Stream Control Transmission Protocol´´ (TXT, 53 KiB, 🇬🇧), Standards Track RFC 7829, IETF, DOI 10.17487/RFC7829, ISSN 2070-1721, April 2016, [BibTeX, XML].
Previous versions: draft-ietf-tsvwg-sctp-failover-16, 15, 14, 13, 12, 11, 10, 09, 08, 07, 06, 05, 04, 03, 02, 01, 00.
Historic versions: draft-nishida-tsvwg-sctp-failover-05, 04, 03, 02, 01, 00.
Abstract: The Stream Control Transmission Protocol (SCTP) supports multihoming. However, when the failover operation specified in RFC 4960 is followed, there can be significant delay and performance degradation in the data transfer path failover. This document specifies a quick failover algorithm and introduces the SCTP Potentially Failed (SCTP-PF) destination state in SCTP Path Management.
URL: https://www.rfc-editor.org/rfc/rfc7829.txt
MD5: 60d432c139bf20e68d6df218163bfa95
Penno, Reinaldo; Perreault, Simon; Boucadair, Mohamed; Sivakumar, Senthil and Naito, Kengo: ``Updates to Network Address Translation (NAT) Behavioral Requirements´´ (TXT, 29 KiB, 🇬🇧), Best Current Practice RFC 7857, IETF, DOI 10.17487/RFC7857, ISSN 2070-1721, April 2016, [BibTeX, XML].
Previous versions: draft-ietf-tsvwg-behave-requirements-update-08, 07, 06, 05, 04, 03, 02, 01, 00.
Abstract: This document clarifies and updates several requirements of RFCs 4787, 5382, and 5508 based on operational and development experience. The focus of this document is Network Address Translation from IPv4 to IPv4 (NAT44).
URL: https://www.rfc-editor.org/rfc/rfc7857.txt
MD5: a9336f2acc5edd1ab5ec0a33499ea3f4
Morand, Lionel and Bonnet, Cedric: ``Update of the List of Configurable SCTP Protocol Parameters´´ (TXT, 12 KiB, 🇬🇧), Internet Draft draft-morand-tsvwg-sctp-parameters-update-00, IETF, Individual Submission, March 7, 2016, [BibTeX, XML].
Abstract: In the SCTP protocol stack implementations available for deployment in operational networks, it has been usually observed that the list of parameters that can be configured by the operators is often restricted to the list of SCTP protocol parameter values that are recommended for SCTP given in the IETF RFC 4960. However, this list is not exhaustive. This document updates the IETF RFC 4960 by including the SACK delay as part of the list of SCTP protocol parameters that can be configurable by an SCTP administrator. The associated recommended value is also given, according to the IETF RFC 4960
URL: https://tools.ietf.org/id/draft-morand-tsvwg-sctp-parameters-update-00.txt
MD5: c15c1c848d9b7297426190041ddb9119
Tüxen, Michael; Seggelmann, Robin; Stewart, Randall R. and Loreto, Salvatore: ``Additional Policies for the Partially Reliable Stream Control Transmission Protocol Extension´´ (TXT, 21 KiB, 🇬🇧), Standards Track RFC 7496, IETF, DOI 10.17487/RFC7496, ISSN 2070-1721, April 2015, [BibTeX, XML].
Previous versions: draft-ietf-tsvwg-sctp-prpolicies-07, 06, 05, 04, 03, 02, 01, 00.
Historic versions: draft-tuexen-tsvwg-sctp-prpolicies-03, 02, 01, 00.
Abstract: This document defines two additional policies for the Partially Reliable Stream Control Transmission Protocol (PR-SCTP) extension. These policies allow limitation of the number of retransmissions and prioritization of user messages for more efficient usage of the send buffer.
URL: https://www.rfc-editor.org/rfc/rfc7496.txt
MD5: 7fbe15c06aa1e3f4ff4876603ce88e67
Stewart, Randall R.; Lei, Peter and Tüxen, Michael: ``Stream Control Transmission Protocol (SCTP) Packet Drop Reporting´´ (TXT, 27 KiB, 🇬🇧), Internet Draft draft-stewart-sctp-pktdrprep-16, IETF, Individual Submission, January 15, 2014, [BibTeX, XML].
Previous versions: draft-stewart-sctp-pktdrprep-15, 14, 13, 12, 11, 10, 09, 08, 07, 06, 05, 04, 03, 02, 01, 00.
Abstract: This document describes a new chunk type for SCTP. This new chunk type can be used by both endhosts and routers to report the loss of SCTP datagrams due to errors in transmission or other drops not due to congestion.
URL: https://tools.ietf.org/id/draft-stewart-sctp-pktdrprep-16.txt
MD5: 93cc5b5f6155751476e26ebf8977ab24
Tüxen, Michael; Rüngeler, Irene and Stewart, Randall R.: ``SACK-IMMEDIATELY Extension for the Stream Control Transmission Protocol´´ (TXT, 16 KiB, 🇬🇧), Standards Track RFC 7053, IETF, DOI 10.17487/RFC7053, ISSN 2070-1721, November 2013, [BibTeX, XML].
Previous versions: draft-ietf-tsvwg-sctp-sack-immediately-10, 09, 08, 07, 06, 05, 04, 03, 02, 01, 00.
Historic versions: draft-tuexen-tsvwg-sctp-sack-immediately-10, 09, 08, 07, 06, 05, 04, 03, 02, 01, 00.
Abstract: This document updates RFC 4960 by defining a method for the sender of a DATA chunk to indicate that the corresponding Selective Acknowledgment (SACK) chunk should be sent back immediately and should not be delayed. It is done by specifying a bit in the DATA chunk header, called the (I)mmediate bit, which can get set by either the Stream Control Transmission Protocol (SCTP) implementation or the application using an SCTP stack. Since unknown flags in chunk headers are ignored by SCTP implementations, this extension does not introduce any interoperability problems.
URL: https://www.rfc-editor.org/rfc/rfc7053.txt
MD5: cd6ad1605e58c36d3cc56bc4cbe96891
Stewart, Randall R.; Tüxen, Michael and Rüngeler, Irene: ``Stream Control Transmission Protocol (SCTP) Network Address Translation´´ (TXT, 51 KiB, 🇬🇧), Internet Draft draft-ietf-behave-sctpnat-09, IETF, September 9, 2013, [BibTeX, XML].
Previous versions: draft-ietf-behave-sctpnat-08, 07, 06, 05, 04, 03, 02, 01, 00.
Abstract: Stream Control Transmission Protocol [RFC4960] provides a reliable communications channel between two end-hosts in many ways similar to TCP [RFC0793]. With the widespread deployment of Network Address Translators (NAT), specialized code has been added to NAT for TCP that allows multiple hosts to reside behind a NAT and yet use only a single globally unique IPv4 address, even when two hosts (behind a NAT) choose the same port numbers for their connection. This additional code is sometimes classified as Network Address and Port Translation or NAPT. To date, specialized code for SCTP has NOT yet been added to most NATs so that only pure NAT is available. The end result of this is that only one SCTP capable host can be behind a NAT. This document describes an SCTP specific variant of NAT which provides similar features of NAPT in the single point and multi-point traversal scenario.
URL: https://tools.ietf.org/id/draft-ietf-behave-sctpnat-09.txt
MD5: bdcdd79c76bc371ee7cd27d2e3d6f962
Tüxen, Michael and Stewart, Randall R.: ``UDP Encapsulation of Stream Control Transmission Protocol (SCTP) Packets for End-Host to End-Host Communication´´ (TXT, 26 KiB, 🇬🇧), Standards Track RFC 6951, IETF, DOI 10.17487/RFC6951, ISSN 2070-1721, May 2013, [BibTeX, XML].
Previous versions: draft-ietf-tsvwg-sctp-udp-encaps-14, 13, 12, 11, 10, 09, 08, 07, 06, 05, 04, 03, 02, 01, 00.
Historic versions: draft-tuexen-sctp-udp-encaps-07, 06, 05, 04, 03, 02, 01, 00.
Abstract: This document describes a simple method of encapsulating Stream Control Transmission Protocol (SCTP) packets into UDP packets and its limitations. This allows the usage of SCTP in networks with legacy NATs that do not support SCTP. It can also be used to implement SCTP on hosts without directly accessing the IP layer, for example, implementing it as part of the application without requiring special privileges.
URL: https://www.rfc-editor.org/rfc/rfc6951.txt
MD5: 76d8a098f7aeeb7a20c685cd32c4846e
Seggelmann, Robin; Stewart, Randall R. and Tüxen, Michael: ``Pluggable Stream Scheduling for the Stream Control Transmission Protocol´´ (TXT, 11 KiB, 🇬🇧), Internet Draft draft-tuexen-tsvwg-sctp-scheduling-00, IETF, Individual Submission, November 19, 2012, [BibTeX, XML].
Abstract: This document describes pluggable stream scheduling to change the scheduling behavior of the Stream Control Transmission Protocol (SCTP). Pluggable stream scheduling allows to use different scheduling algorithms to optimize SCTP's behavior in different scenarios.
URL: https://tools.ietf.org/id/draft-tuexen-tsvwg-sctp-scheduling-00.txt
MD5: 330a192561319fdc4875c34afd2d8c98
Stewart, Randall R.; Tüxen, Michael and Lei, Peter: ``Stream Control Transmission Protocol (SCTP) Stream Reconfiguration´´ (TXT, 72 KiB, 🇬🇧), Standards Track RFC 6525, IETF, DOI 10.17487/RFC6525, ISSN 2070-1721, February 2012, [BibTeX, XML].
Previous versions: draft-ietf-tsvwg-sctp-strrst-13, 12, 11, 10, 09, 08, 07, 06, 05, 04, 03, 02, 01, 00.
Historic versions: draft-stewart-tsvwg-sctpstrrst-01, 00.
Abstract: Many applications that use the Stream Control Transmission Protocol (SCTP) want the ability to "reset" a stream. The intention of resetting a stream is to set the numbering sequence of the stream back to 'zero' with a corresponding notification to the application layer that the reset has been performed. Applications requiring this feature want it so that they can "reuse" streams for different purposes but still utilize the stream sequence number so that the application can track the message flows. Thus, without this feature, a new use of an old stream would result in message numbers greater than expected, unless there is a protocol mechanism to "reset the streams back to zero". This document also includes methods for resetting the transmission sequence numbers, adding additional streams, and resetting all stream sequence numbers.
URL: https://www.rfc-editor.org/rfc/rfc6525.txt
MD5: 2830fa011c68023335a4c1860d88b0a8
Stewart, Randall R.; Tüxen, Michael; Poon, Kacheong; Lei, Peter and Yasevich, Vladislav: ``Sockets API Extensions for the Stream Control Transmission Protocol (SCTP)´´ (TXT, 232 KiB, 🇬🇧), Informational RFC 6458, IETF, DOI 10.17487/RFC6458, ISSN 2070-1721, December 2011, [BibTeX, XML].
Previous versions: draft-ietf-tsvwg-sctpsocket-32, 31, 30, 29, 28, 27, 26, 25, 24, 23, 22, 21, 20, 19, 18, 17, 16, 15, 14, 13, 12, 11, 10, 09, 08, 07, 06, 05, 04, 03, 02, 01, 00.
Abstract: This document describes a mapping of the Stream Control Transmission Protocol (SCTP) into a sockets API. The benefits of this mapping include compatibility for TCP applications, access to new SCTP features, and a consolidated error and event notification scheme. This document is not an Internet Standards Track specification; it is published for informational purposes.
URL: https://www.rfc-editor.org/rfc/rfc6458.txt
MD5: 61cefc730d709cb22842b791a891d6ae
Ekiz, Nasif; Amer, Paul D.; Natarajan, Preethi; Stewart, Randall R. and Iyengar, Janardhan R.: ``Non-Renegable Selective Acknowledgements (NR-SACKs) for SCTP´´ (TXT, 41 KiB, 🇬🇧), Internet Draft draft-natarajan-tsvwg-sctp-nrsack-08, IETF, Individual Submission, August 15, 2011, [BibTeX, XML].
Previous versions: draft-natarajan-tsvwg-sctp-nrsack-07, 06, 05, 04, 03, 02, 01, 00.
Abstract: Stream Control Transmission Protocol (SCTP) [RFC4960] specifies Selective Acknowledgements (SACKs) to allow an SCTP data receiver to acknowledge DATA chunks which arrive out-of-order. In SCTP, SACK information is advisory – though SACKs notify a data sender about the reception of specific out-of-order data, the SCTP data receiver is permitted to later discard the data, a.k.a reneging. Since delivery of a SACKed out-of-order DATA chunk is not guaranteed, a copy of this DATA chunk MUST be kept in the data sender's retransmission queue until this DATA chunk is cumulatively acked. By definition, data that has been delivered to the application is non-renegable by the SCTP data receiver. (Recall that, in SCTP, out- of-order data can sometimes be delivered.) Also, SCTP implementations can be configured such that the SCTP data receiver is not allowed to, and therefore, never reneges on out-of-order data. With SCTP's current SACK mechanism, non-renegable out-of-order data is selectively acked, and is (wrongly) deemed renegable by the SCTP data sender. This document specifies an extension to SCTP's acknowledgment mechanism called Non-Renegable Selective Acknowledgements (NR-SACKs.) NR-SACKs enable a data receiver to explicitly inform the data sender of non-renegable out-of-order data. As opposed to renegable data, a data sender can consider non-renegable data as never requiring retransmission, and therefore can remove non-renegable data from the retransmission queue.
URL: https://tools.ietf.org/id/draft-natarajan-tsvwg-sctp-nrsack-08.txt
MD5: 0955c82e76a45506f1259c3753bd3e03
Stewart, Randall R.; Lei, Peter and Tüxen, Michael: ``Uses of Stream Reconfiguration for SCTP´´ (TXT, 19 KiB, 🇬🇧), Internet Draft draft-stewart-tsvwg-reconfuse-sctp-00, IETF, Individual Submission, March 29, 2011, [BibTeX, XML].
Abstract: This document is used to convey different use cases for the Stream Reconfiguration draft xxxxxxx. It does not represent a standard nor does it represent real applications that are available for download. Instead it illustrates various use cases of the stream reconfiguration facilities for SCTP [RFC4960]. It serves as a guideline to application developers to show the stream reconfigurations various potentials.
URL: https://tools.ietf.org/id/draft-stewart-tsvwg-reconfuse-sctp-00.txt
MD5: a84dd9ebc2c42fb73264a0f24d9fa68b
Loreto, Salvatore and Camarillo, Gonzalo: ``Stream Control Transmission Protocol (SCTP)-Based Media Transport in the Session Description Protocol (SDP)´´ (TXT, 18 KiB, 🇬🇧), Internet Draft draft-loreto-mmusic-sctp-sdp-07, IETF, Individual Submission, March 14, 2011, [BibTeX, XML].
Previous versions: draft-loreto-mmusic-sctp-sdp-06, 05, 04, 03, 02, 01, 00.
Abstract: SCTP (Stream Control Transmission Protocol) is a transport protocol used to establish associations between two endpoints. This document describes how to express media transport over SCTP in SDP (Session Description Protocol). This document defines the 'SCTP' and 'SCTP/ DTLS' protocol identifiers for SDP.
URL: https://tools.ietf.org/id/draft-loreto-mmusic-sctp-sdp-07.txt
MD5: 01a4e2f012a883adc4334de358e19128
Tüxen, Michael; Seggelmann, Robin and Rescorla, Eric: ``Datagram Transport Layer Security (DTLS) for Stream Control Transmission Protocol (SCTP)´´ (TXT, 17 KiB, 🇬🇧), Standards Track RFC 6083, IETF, DOI 10.17487/RFC6083, ISSN 2070-1721, January 2011, [BibTeX, XML].
Previous versions: draft-ietf-tsvwg-dtls-for-sctp-06, 05, 04, 03, 02, 01, 00.
Historic versions: draft-tuexen-tsvwg-dtls-for-sctp-00.
Abstract: This document describes the usage of the Datagram Transport Layer Security (DTLS) protocol over the Stream Control Transmission Protocol (SCTP).
URL: https://www.rfc-editor.org/rfc/rfc6083.txt
MD5: fd61d60a952f67832b30ff862bffdfec
Tüxen, Michael and Stewart, Randall R.: ``Stream Control Transmission Protocol (SCTP) Chunk Flags Registration´´ (TXT, 16 KiB, 🇬🇧), Standards Track RFC 6096, IETF, DOI 10.17487/RFC6096, ISSN 2070-1721, January 2011, [BibTeX, XML].
Previous versions: draft-ietf-tsvwg-sctp-chunk-flags-02, 01, 00.
Historic versions: draft-tuexen-tsvwg-sctp-chunk-flags-00.
Abstract: This document defines the procedure for registering chunk flags with the Internet Assigned Numbers Authority (IANA) for the Stream Control Transmission Protocol (SCTP). It updates RFC 4960 and also defines the IANA registry for contents for currently defined chunk types. It does not change SCTP in any other way.
URL: https://www.rfc-editor.org/rfc/rfc6096.txt
MD5: f389ae29c46ae60428664892a5a3869b
Stewart, Randall R. and Spring, Neil: ``ECN Nonces for Stream Control Transmission Protocol (SCTP)´´ (TXT, 25 KiB, 🇬🇧), Internet Draft draft-stewart-tsvwg-sctp-nonce-02, IETF, Individual Submission, June 29, 2010, [BibTeX, XML].
Previous versions: draft-ladha-sctp-nonce-06, 05, 04, 03, 02, 01, 00.
Abstract: This document describes the addition of the ECN-nonce RFC 3540 [RFC3540] to the Stream Control Transmission Protocol (SCTP) RFC 2960 [RFC2960]. The ECN-nonce reduces the vulnerability of ECN senders to misbehaving receivers that conceal congestion signals like ECN marks and packet losses. The ECN-nonce approach is different in SCTP because SCTP uses chunks for extensible protocol features and is selective acknowlegement (SACK)-based; this document describes those differences. In particular this document describes (1) protocol extensions in the form of a single new parameter for the INIT/ INIT-ACK chunks, and a single bit flag in the SACK chunk, and (2) rules governing the sender and receiver side implementation. This document outlines a minimum response that an SCTP sender should apply after detecting a misbehaving receiver.
URL: https://tools.ietf.org/id/draft-stewart-tsvwg-sctp-nonce-02.txt
MD5: 7ac5f5ab47477f5b537691875dbfc905
Zhu, Lei: ``Requirements and ROHC compression profile for SCTP´´ (TXT, 40 KiB, 🇬🇧), Internet Draft draft-lei-tsvwg-sctp-compr-requirements-profile-00, IETF, Individual Submission, June 22, 2010, [BibTeX, XML].
Abstract: This document is to specify the requirements to compress headers of IP/SCTP package and how ROHC mechanism compresses SCTP. Streaming Control Transport Protocol is new generation IP transport protocol which has been published in RFC2960 and updated by RFC4960. SCTP can maintain association among multiple peers, thus supports multiple homing and multiple streaming, while inherits most functions of TCP. SCTP as transport protocol has been used to carry signaling or possible user plane data in turbulence network which needs to save spectrum resource by compressing IP headers.
URL: https://tools.ietf.org/id/draft-lei-tsvwg-sctp-compr-requirements-profile-00.txt
MD5: 90c9c1743a28dec02bd997cb1a06d6c2
Claise, Benoît; Aitken, Paul; Johnson, Andrew and Muenz, Gerhard: ``IPFIX Export per SCTP Stream´´ (TXT, 58 KiB, 🇬🇧), Internet Draft draft-ietf-ipfix-export-per-sctp-stream-08, IETF, May 31, 2010, [BibTeX, XML].
Previous versions: draft-ietf-ipfix-export-per-sctp-stream-07, 06, 05, 04, 03, 02, 01, 00.
Abstract: This document specifies an extension to the specifications in RFC 5101, IP Flow Information Export (IPFIX), when using the Partial Reliability extension of SCTP (PR-SCTP, Partial Reliability Stream Control Transmission Protocol). When implemented at both the Exporting Process and Collecting Process, this method offers several advantages, such as the ability to calculate Data Record losses for PR-SCTP per Template, immediate export of Template Withdrawal Messages, immediate reuse of Template IDs within an SCTP stream, reduced likelihood of Data Record loss, and reduced demands on the Collecting Process. When implemented in only the Collecting Process or Exporting Process, then normal IPFIX behavior will be seen without all of the additional benefits.
URL: https://tools.ietf.org/id/draft-ietf-ipfix-export-per-sctp-stream-08.txt
MD5: 85477e4933b0eef969a37948dc3b5946
Ogawa, Kentaro and Salim, Jamal Hadi: ``SCTP based TML (Transport Mapping Layer) for ForCES protocol´´ (TXT, 61 KiB, 🇬🇧), Internet Draft draft-ietf-forces-sctptml-08, IETF, January 19, 2010, [BibTeX, XML].
Previous versions: draft-ietf-forces-sctptml-07, 06, 05, 04, 03, 02, 01, 00.
Abstract: This document defines the SCTP-based TML (Transport Mapping Layer) for the ForCES (Forwarding and Control Element Separation) protocol. It explains the rationale for choosing the SCTP (Stream Control Transmission Protocol) and also describes how this TML addresses all the requirements required by and the ForCES protocol. [STANDARDS TRACK]
URL: https://tools.ietf.org/id/draft-ietf-forces-sctptml-08.txt
MD5: 6d59c05966cdda45f7d0bda32a1e4312
Xie, Qiaobing; Stewart, Randall R.; Holdrege, Matt and Tüxen, Michael: ``SCTP NAT Traversal Considerations´´ (TXT, 13 KiB, 🇬🇧), Internet Draft draft-xie-behave-sctp-nat-cons-03, IETF, Individual Submission, November 17, 2007, [BibTeX, XML].
Previous versions: draft-xie-behave-sctp-nat-cons-02, 01, 00.
Abstract: This document defines and classifies scenarios for the usage of SCTP in networks with NATs and similar middleboxes.
URL: https://tools.ietf.org/id/draft-xie-behave-sctp-nat-cons-03.txt
MD5: a4c3706a220bd69b0a55af51b55972e6
Riegel, Max and Tüxen, Michael: ``Mobile SCTP´´ (TXT, 29 KiB, 🇬🇧), Internet Draft draft-riegel-tuexen-mobile-sctp-09, IETF, Individual Submission, November 5, 2007, [BibTeX, XML].
Previous versions: draft-riegel-tuexen-mobile-sctp-08, 07, 06, 05, 04, 03, 02, 01, 00.
Abstract: Transport layer mobility management is presented in addition to Mobile IP for providing seamless mobility in the Internet. By use of SCTP (Stream Control Transmission Protocol) and some of its currently proposed extensions a seamless handover can be fully accomplished in the mobile client without any provisions in the network, only assisted by functions embedded in Mobile SCTP enabled servers. Client mobility management based on Mobile SCTP seems not to require any new protocol development. It is a particular application of SCTP eventually solving the requirements of transport layer mobility in the Internet.
URL: https://tools.ietf.org/id/draft-riegel-tuexen-mobile-sctp-09.txt
MD5: 5e393894e54c0539f7c7a28756348ef3
Stewart, Randall R.; Tüxen, Michael and Camarillo, Gonzalo: ``Security Attacks Found Against the Stream Control Transmission Protocol (SCTP) and Current Countermeasures´´ (TXT, 30 KiB, 🇬🇧), Informational RFC 5062, IETF, DOI 10.17487/RFC5062, ISSN 2070-1721, September 2007, [BibTeX, XML].
Previous versions: draft-ietf-tsvwg-sctpthreat-05, 04, 03, 02, 01, 00.
Historic versions: draft-stewart-tsvwg-sctpthreat-04, 03, 02, 01, 00.
Abstract: This document describes certain security threats to SCTP. It also describes ways to mitigate these threats, in particular by using techniques from the SCTP Specification Errata and Issues memo (RFC 4460). These techniques are included in RFC 4960, which obsoletes RFC 2960. It is hoped that this information will provide some useful background information for many of the newest requirements spelled out in the SCTP Specification Errata and Issues and included in RFC 4960. This memo provides information for the Internet community.
URL: https://www.rfc-editor.org/rfc/rfc5062.txt
MD5: b3feb1bb3c349fff6ffd3d23c5c71430
Stewart, Randall R.: ``Stream Control Transmission Protocol´´ (TXT, 338 KiB, 🇬🇧), RFC 4960, IETF, DOI 10.17487/RFC4960, ISSN 2070-1721, September 2007, [BibTeX, XML].
Previous versions: draft-ietf-tsvwg-2960bis-05, 04, 03, 02, 01, 00.
Abstract: This document obsoletes RFC 2960 and RFC 3309. It describes the Stream Control Transmission Protocol (SCTP). SCTP is designed to transport Public Switched Telephone Network (PSTN) signaling messages over IP networks, but is capable of broader applications.
URL: https://www.rfc-editor.org/rfc/rfc4960.txt
MD5: 9eeb61074f2f4f6c5c88b0554ece6a4e
Stewart, Randall R.; Xie, Qiaobing; Tüxen, Michael; Maruyama, Shin and Kozuka, Masahiro: ``Stream Control Transmission Protocol (SCTP) Dynamic Address Reconfiguration´´ (TXT, 90 KiB, 🇬🇧), Standards Track RFC 5061, IETF, DOI 10.17487/RFC5061, ISSN 2070-1721, September 2007, [BibTeX, XML].
Previous versions: draft-ietf-tsvwg-addip-sctp-22, 21, 20, 19, 18, 17, 16, 15, 14, 13, 12, 11, 10, 09, 08, 07, 06, 05, 04, 03, 02, 01, 00.
Abstract: A local host may have multiple points of attachment to the Internet, giving it a degree of fault tolerance from hardware failures. Stream Control Transmission Protocol (SCTP) (RFC 4960) was developed to take full advantage of such a multi-homed host to provide a fast failover and association survivability in the face of such hardware failures. This document describes an extension to SCTP that will allow an SCTP stack to dynamically add an IP address to an SCTP association, dynamically delete an IP address from an SCTP association, and to request to set the primary address the peer will use when sending to an endpoint.
URL: https://www.rfc-editor.org/rfc/rfc5061.txt
MD5: 8df71e2f2521a699a26652eac3381e9b
Tüxen, Michael; Stewart, Randall R.; Lei, Peter and Rescorla, Eric: ``Authenticated Chunks for the Stream Control Transmission Protocol (SCTP)´´ (TXT, 42 KiB, 🇬🇧), Standards Track RFC 4895, IETF, DOI 10.17487/RFC4895, ISSN 2070-1721, August 2007, [BibTeX, XML].
Previous versions: draft-ietf-tsvwg-sctp-auth-08, 07, 06, 05, 04, 03, 02, 01, 00.
Historic versions: draft-tuexen-sctp-auth-chunk-03, 02, 01, 00.
Abstract: This document describes a new chunk type, several parameters, and procedures for the Stream Control Transmission Protocol (SCTP). This new chunk type can be used to authenticate SCTP chunks by using shared keys between the sender and receiver. The new parameters are used to establish the shared keys.
URL: https://www.rfc-editor.org/rfc/rfc4895.txt
MD5: 2b7207bc23f5bb90945d8274572238a5
Trammell, Brian H. and Boschi, Elisa: ``IP Flow Information Export (IPFIX) SCTP Stream Restriction Change´´ (TXT, 20 KiB, 🇬🇧), Internet Draft draft-trammell-ipfix-sctp-change-01, IETF, Individual Submission, August 1, 2007, [BibTeX, XML].
Previous versions: draft-trammell-ipfix-sctp-change-00.
Abstract: The IPFIX protocol mandates the use of PR-SCTP as transport protocol. The document specifies the transmission of Templates over SCTP stream zero with reliable delivery and the transmission of Data Records over separate streams. This constraint is unnecessary. This document relaxes all restrictions on the use of SCTP streams within IPFIX, allowing IPFIX implementations to use SCTP streams as most appropriate for their respective applications.
URL: https://tools.ietf.org/id/draft-trammell-ipfix-sctp-change-01.txt
MD5: 774f96c585c6f8475a81006418b1f3ed
Tüxen, Michael; Stewart, Randall R. and Lei, Peter: ``Padding Chunk and Parameter for the Stream Control Transmission Protocol (SCTP)´´ (TXT, 12 KiB, 🇬🇧), Standards Track RFC 4820, IETF, DOI 10.17487/RFC4820, ISSN 2070-1721, March 2007, [BibTeX, XML].
Previous versions: draft-ietf-tsvwg-sctp-padding-02, 01, 00.
Historic versions: draft-tuexen-tsvwg-sctp-padding-01, 00.
Abstract: This document defines a padding chunk and a padding parameter and describes the required receiver side procedures. The padding chunk is used to pad a Stream Control Transmission Protocol (SCTP) packet to an arbitrary size. The padding parameter is used to pad an SCTP INIT chunk to an arbitrary size.
URL: https://www.rfc-editor.org/rfc/rfc4820.txt
MD5: 49b9e39c784d55abbe3704522a889d26
Stewart, Randall R. and Tüxen, Michael: ``Stream Control Transmission Protocol (SCTP) Interop Scoring´´ (TXT, 21 KiB, 🇬🇧), Internet Draft draft-stewart-tsvwg-sctpscore-04, IETF, Individual Submission, July 19, 2006, [BibTeX, XML].
Previous versions: draft-stewart-tsvwg-sctpscore-03, 02, 01, 00.
Abstract: This memo describes some of the scoring to be used in the testing of Stream Control Transmission Protocol (SCTP) at upcoming interops.
URL: https://tools.ietf.org/id/draft-stewart-tsvwg-sctpscore-04.txt
MD5: f19d9f9ae2b38b6ea5cabf46e351b128
Maruyama, Shin and Kozuka, Masahiro: ``Stream Control Transmission Protocol (SCTP) Cumulative ASCONF Chunk Transmission Extension´´ (TXT, 27 KiB, 🇬🇧), Internet Draft draft-marushin-sctp-asconfext-01, IETF, Individual Submission, June 26, 2006, [BibTeX, XML].
Previous versions: draft-marushin-sctp-asconfext-00.
Abstract: This document describes extensions to the Stream Control Transmission Protocol(SCTP) [RFC2960] and the "Dynamic Address Reconfiguration" [draft-ietf-tsvwg-addip-sctp]. In this proposal, we propose changes to the way ASCONF's are handled and bundled to allow multiple ASCONF's to be sent during times of disconnected connectivity. This then allows a method which allows the retransmit of multiple ASCONF chunk within a single packet to better support reliable handover.
URL: https://tools.ietf.org/id/draft-marushin-sctp-asconfext-01.txt
MD5: 8a2604f115705d0c23b155b3763d5498
Stewart, Randall R.; Rodríguez, Iván Arias; Poon, Kacheong; Caro, Armando L. and Tüxen, Michael: ``Stream Control Transmission Protocol (SCTP) Specification Errata and Issues´´ (TXT, 211 KiB, 🇬🇧), Informational RFC 4460, IETF, DOI 10.17487/RFC4460, ISSN 2070-1721, April 2006, [BibTeX, XML].
Previous versions: draft-ietf-tsvwg-sctpimpguide-16, 15, 14, 13, 12, 11, 10, 09, 08, 07, 06, 05, 04, 03, 02, 01, 00.
Abstract: This document is a compilation of issues found during six interoperability events and 5 years of experience with implementing, testing, and using SCTP along with the suggested fixes. This document provides deltas to RFC 2960 and is organized in a time-based way. The issues are listed in the order they were brought up. Because some text is changed several times, the last delta in the text is the one that should be applied. In addition to the delta, a description of the problem and the details of the solution are also provided. This memo provides information for the Internet community.
URL: https://www.rfc-editor.org/rfc/rfc4460.txt
MD5: 78bc6d48031bb8606f4d618fd0abed95
Iyengar, Janardhan R.; Amer, Paul D.; Stewart, Randall R. and Rodríguez, Iván Arias: ``Preventing SCTP Congestion Window Overgrowth During Changeover´´ (TXT, 23 KiB, 🇬🇧), Internet Draft draft-iyengar-sctp-cacc-03, IETF, Individual Submission, December 2, 2005, [BibTeX, XML].
Previous versions: draft-iyengar-sctp-cacc-02, 01, 00.
Abstract: SCTP [RFC2960] supports IP multihoming at the transport layer. SCTP allows an association to span multiple local and peer IP addresses, and allows the application to dynamically change the primary destination during an active association. We present a problem in the current SCTP specification that results in unnecessary retransmissions and "TCP-unfriendly" growth of the sender's congestion window during certain changeover conditions. We present the problem and propose an algorithm called the Split Fast Retransmit Changeover Aware Congestion Control algorithm (SFR-CACC) as a solution. We recommend the addition of SFR-CACC to the SCTP specification [RFC2960].
URL: https://tools.ietf.org/id/draft-iyengar-sctp-cacc-03.txt
MD5: 035f34210c38cca45be5334c89bd169c
Al, Ahmed Abd El; Saadawi, Tarek N. and Lee, Myung J.: ``Load Sharing in Stream Control Transmission Protocol´´ (TXT, 62 KiB, 🇬🇧), Internet Draft draft-ahmed-lssctp-01, IETF, Individual Submission, May 19, 2005, [BibTeX, XML].
Previous versions: draft-ahmed-lssctp-00.
Abstract: Stream Control Transmission Protocol (SCTP) RFC2960 [SXM00] specifications utilize the possible multiple paths between the sender and receiver for retransmission of lost data chunks and as a backup for the primary path, in case of primary path failure. Other than that, all the data chunks are being sent on the primary path chosen by the SCTP user during the association initiation. This memo describes an extension to SCTP that allows endpoints to use the multiple available paths for simultaneous data transmission. The extension maintains SCTP congestion control on each path, so as to ensure fair integration with other traffic in the network.
URL: https://tools.ietf.org/id/draft-ahmed-lssctp-01.txt
MD5: 1c03d8b8dc5abdc68284ceeb34440bec
Bansal, Vivek and Ezhirpavai, R: ``SCTP Sockets API Extension for Congestion Handling´´ (TXT, 24 KiB, 🇬🇧), Internet Draft draft-vibansal-sctpsocket-congestion-00, IETF, Individual Submission, December 7, 2004, [BibTeX, XML].
Abstract: This draft defines extension to the SCTP Socket API draft[1] for Congestion Handling. SCTP Protocol has been widely accepted by the VoIP forum. SIGTRAN protocols (M3UA/SUA/M2UA/M2PA etc) provide procedures for handling congestion notification from the SCTP Stack layer. This draft provides mechanism for SCTP applications to enable/ disable notification of congestion indications over SCTP Socket Interface. This draft suggests notification to application at onset and abatement of congestion.
URL: https://tools.ietf.org/id/draft-vibansal-sctpsocket-congestion-00.txt
MD5: c6d8d135f26874c86d1ebbed005c2b19
Pastor-Balbas, Javier and Belinchón, Maria-Carmen: ``Stream Control Transmission Protocol (SCTP) Management Information Base (MIB)´´ (TXT, 81 KiB, 🇬🇧), Standards Track RFC 3873, IETF, DOI 10.17487/RFC3873, ISSN 2070-1721, September 2004, [BibTeX, XML].
Previous versions: draft-ietf-sigtran-sctp-mib-10, 09, 08, 07, 06, 05, 04, 03, 02, 01, 00.
Abstract: The Stream Control Transmission Protocol (SCTP) is a reliable transport protocol operating on top of a connectionless packet network such as IP. It is designed to transport public switched telephone network (PSTN) signaling messages over the connectionless packet network, but is capable of broader applications.
URL: https://www.rfc-editor.org/rfc/rfc3873.txt
MD5: 0abd2ec982fcb655651024020859c50a
Xie, Qiaobing: ``SCTP NAT Transverse Considerations´´ (TXT, 14 KiB, 🇬🇧), Internet Draft draft-xie-tsvwg-sctp-nat-00, IETF, Individual Submission, July 9, 2004, [BibTeX, XML].
Abstract: This document provides guidelines and solutions for dealing with SCTP association transversing NAT and similar middleboxes.
URL: https://tools.ietf.org/id/draft-xie-tsvwg-sctp-nat-00.txt
MD5: 4dfc1190359c80765e7398401acab73b
Koh, Seok-Joo and Xie, Qiaobing: ``Mobile SCTP with Mobile IP for Transport Layer Mobility´´ (TXT, 27 KiB, 🇬🇧), Internet Draft draft-sjkoh-mobile-sctp-mobileip-04, IETF, Individual Submission, June 22, 2004, [BibTeX, XML].
Previous versions: draft-sjkoh-mobile-sctp-mobileip-03, 02, 01, 00.
Abstract: Mobile SCTP (mSCTP) is defined as SCTP with the ADDIP extension. The mSCTP can be used for providing seamless handover by exploiting its multi-homing feature. On the other hand, the Mobile IP basically provides the location management. In this document, we discuss the use of mSCTP along with Mobile IP for Internet mobility support in the transport layer. The use of SCTP with Mobile IP is focused on the mobile sessions that are initiated by CN to MN.
URL: https://tools.ietf.org/id/draft-sjkoh-mobile-sctp-mobileip-04.txt
MD5: ea8de46f82bd9fd18332743d3a9bf572
Koh, Seok-Joo: ``Mobile SCTP for Transport Layer Mobility´´ (TXT, 37 KiB, 🇬🇧), Internet Draft draft-sjkoh-sctp-mobility-04, IETF, Individual Submission, June 15, 2004, [BibTeX, XML].
Previous versions: draft-sjkoh-sctp-mobility-03, 02, 01, 00.
Abstract: This document discusses the architecture of mobile SCTP (mSCTP) for IP mobility support. The SCTP is the third transport layer protocol next to TCP/UDP. It can also be used for IP mobility from the multi- homing features. The SCTP with the ADDIP extension (or mSCTP) would provide seamless or soft handover for the mobile host without support of routers or agents in the networks. For location management, the mSCTP could be used along with Mobile IP, Session Initiation Protocol or Reliable Server Pooling.
URL: https://tools.ietf.org/id/draft-sjkoh-sctp-mobility-04.txt
MD5: 555bf644fc828f0815862c14f31d06b8
Stewart, Randall R.; Ramalho, Michael A.; Xie, Qiaobing; Tüxen, Michael and Conrad, Phillip T.: ``Stream Control Transmission Protocol (SCTP) Partial Reliability Extension´´ (TXT, 50 KiB, 🇬🇧), Standards Track RFC 3758, IETF, DOI 10.17487/RFC3758, ISSN 2070-1721, May 2004, [BibTeX, XML].
Previous versions: draft-ietf-tsvwg-prsctp-03, 02, 01, 00.
Historic versions: draft-stewart-tsvwg-prsctp-04, 03, 02, 01, 00.
Abstract: This memo describes an extension to the Stream Control Transmission Protocol (SCTP) that allows an SCTP endpoint to signal to its peer that it should move the cumulative ack point forward. When both sides of an SCTP association support this extension, it can be used by an SCTP implementation to provide partially reliable data transmission service to an upper layer protocol. This memo describes the protocol extensions, which consist of a new parameter for INIT and INIT ACK, and a new FORWARD TSN chunk type, and provides one example of a partially reliable service that can be provided to the upper layer via this mechanism.
URL: https://www.rfc-editor.org/rfc/rfc3758.txt
MD5: 0c9d421b69393c27cfc729e606373157
Schmidt, Christian and Tüxen, Michael: ``Requirements for RoHC IP/SCTP Robust Header Compression´´ (TXT, 19 KiB, 🇬🇧), Internet Draft draft-ietf-rohc-sctp-requirements-03, IETF, September 26, 2003, [BibTeX, XML].
Previous versions: draft-ietf-rohc-sctp-requirements-02, 01, 00.
Abstract: This document contains requirements for the IP/SCTP header compression scheme (profile) to be developed by the ROHC WG. The structure of this document is inherited from the document defining IP/TCP requirements for ROHC.
URL: https://tools.ietf.org/id/draft-ietf-rohc-sctp-requirements-03.txt
MD5: 4a8519e04a57ee8eade1541f651a9c21
Pastor-Balbas, Javier and Coene, Lode: ``Telephony Signalling Transport over SCTP applicability statement´´ (TXT, 45 KiB, 🇬🇧), Internet Draft draft-ietf-sigtran-signalling-over-sctp-applic-09, IETF, August 5, 2003, [BibTeX, XML].
Previous versions: draft-ietf-sigtran-signalling-over-sctp-applic-08, 07, 06, 05, 04, 03, 02, 01, 00.
Abstract: This document describes the applicability of the several protocols developed under the signalling transport framework. A description of the main issues regarding the use of the Stream Control Transmission Protocol (SCTP) and an explanation of each adaptation layer for transport of telephony signalling information over IP infrastructure are given. This memo provides information for the Internet community.
URL: https://tools.ietf.org/id/draft-ietf-sigtran-signalling-over-sctp-applic-09.txt
MD5: 4fb19c2bc1b416ea317b40cc0125d4b6
Bellovin, Steven M.; Ioannidis, John; Keromytis, Angelos D. and Stewart, Randall R.: ``On the Use of Stream Control Transmission Protocol (SCTP) with IPsec´´ (TXT, 20 KiB, 🇬🇧), Standards Track RFC 3554, IETF, DOI 10.17487/RFC3554, ISSN 2070-1721, July 2003, [BibTeX, XML].
Previous versions: draft-ietf-ipsec-sctp-05, 04, 03, 02, 01, 00.
Abstract: This document describes functional requirements for IPsec (RFC 2401) and Internet Key Exchange (IKE) (RFC 2409) to facilitate their use in securing SCTP (RFC 2960) traffic.
URL: https://www.rfc-editor.org/rfc/rfc3554.txt
MD5: f028d5c10961516d6c892f1e462a2474
West, Mark A. and Surtees, Abigail: ``SCTP Profile for EPIC´´ (TXT, 52 KiB, 🇬🇧), Internet Draft draft-west-sctp-epic-01, IETF, Individual Submission, June 27, 2003, [BibTeX, XML].
Previous versions: draft-west-sctp-epic-00.
Abstract: This draft describes a profile for compressing SCTP/IP using the Robust Header Compression Formal Notation. The RObust Header Compression [1] scheme is designed to compress packet headers over error prone channels. It is built around an extensible core framework that can be tailored to compress new protocol stacks by adding additional ROHC profiles. This profile describes a new profile for ROHC which will allow SCTP/ IP headers to be compressed.
URL: https://tools.ietf.org/id/draft-west-sctp-epic-01.txt
MD5: b90ac9bfbaae1909e64d3a0e238fb97f
Pastor-Balbas, Javier and Belinchón, Maria-Carmen: ``Stream Control Transmission Protocol Management Information Base´´ (TXT, 81 KiB, 🇬🇧), Internet Draft draft-ietf-sigtran-sctp-mib-10, IETF, June 6, 2003, [BibTeX, XML].
Previous versions: draft-ietf-sigtran-sctp-mib-09, 08, 07, 06, 05, 04, 03, 02, 01, 00.
Abstract: The Stream Control Transmission Protocol (SCTP) is a reliable transport protocol operating on top of a connectionless packet network such as IP. It is designed to transport public switched telephone network (PSTN) signaling messages over the connectionless packet network, but is capable of broader applications. This memo defines the Management Information Base (MIB) module which describes the minimum set of objects needed to manage the implementation of the SCTP.
URL: https://tools.ietf.org/id/draft-ietf-sigtran-sctp-mib-10.txt
MD5: b1a76217884d1c93c4a516cab7b1ee8e
Koh, Seok-Joo: ``Use of SCTP for Seamless Handover´´ (TXT, 25 KiB, 🇬🇧), Internet Draft draft-sjkoh-mobile-sctp-handover-00, IETF, Individual Submission, February 12, 2003, [BibTeX, XML].
Abstract: The Stream Control Transmission Protocol (SCTP) is a new reliable transport protocol that provides the multihoming feature. Without support of routers in the networks, the SCTP with the ADDIP extension (called mobile SCTP) can be used to provide seamless handover for the mobile host that is changing its IP subnetworks during the session. In the present form, the use of mobile SCTP is targeted for handover of the mobile sessions that are originated from the mobile clients (located in mobile networks) toward the fixed servers (located in the fixed networks). The support for the opposite directional session (initiated by fixed node to mobile node) requires an additional location management scheme such as Mobile IP. In this document, we discuss the generic procedures for seamless handover of mobile SCTP and the concerned implementation issues.
URL: https://tools.ietf.org/id/draft-sjkoh-mobile-sctp-handover-00.txt
MD5: 05363cbfb6e6603aac0d0aa42c8bfdd7
Jungmaier, Andreas; Rescorla, Eric and Tüxen, Michael: ``Transport Layer Security over Stream Control Transmission Protocol´´ (TXT, 16 KiB, 🇬🇧), Standards Track RFC 3436, IETF, DOI 10.17487/RFC3436, ISSN 2070-1721, December 2002, [BibTeX, XML].
Previous versions: draft-ietf-tsvwg-tls-over-sctp-00.
Abstract: This document describes the usage of the Transport Layer Security (TLS) protocol, as defined in RFC 2246, over the Stream Control Transmission Protocol (SCTP), as defined in RFC 2960 and RFC 3309. The user of TLS can take advantage of the features provided by SCTP, namely the support of multiple streams to avoid head of line blocking and the support of multi-homing to provide network level fault tolerance. Additionally, discussions of extensions of SCTP are also supported, meaning especially the support of dynamic reconfiguration of IP- addresses.
URL: https://www.rfc-editor.org/rfc/rfc3436.txt
MD5: e859fb7bbf61142eb6527425ef2cec25
Stone, Jonathan; Stewart, Randall R. and Otis, Douglas: ``Stream Control Transmission Protocol (SCTP) Checksum Change´´ (TXT, 34 KiB, 🇬🇧), Standards RFC 3309, IETF, DOI 10.17487/RFC3309, ISSN 2070-1721, September 2002, [BibTeX, XML].
Previous versions: draft-ietf-tsvwg-sctpcsum-06, 05, 04, 03, 02, 01, 00.
URL: https://www.rfc-editor.org/rfc/rfc3309.txt
MD5: 197f2ac17be990dc4ba7c6a3a90d5cc0
Loughney, John A. and Sanchez, Raquel: ``SCTP Layer for Transporting Signaling Protocols´´ (application/octet-stream, 13 KiB, 🇬🇧), Internet Draft draft-loughney-sctp-sig-prot-00, IETF, Individual Submission, June 27, 2002, [BibTeX, XML].
Abstract: The Stream Control Transport Protocol (SCTP) has been standardized to provide a reliable transport services for signaling protocols. SCTP features a number of new features that are useful for transporting signaling protocols, but may require additional information on how to use them to transport existing signaling protocols.
URL: https://tools.ietf.org/id/draft-loughney-sctp-sig-prot-00.txt
MD5: 97593513166c44bb332219bd317451ec
Ong, Lyndon and Yoakum, John: ``An Introduction to the Stream Control Transmission Protocol (SCTP)´´ (TXT, 23 KiB, 🇬🇧), Informational RFC 3286, IETF, DOI 10.17487/RFC3286, ISSN 2070-1721, May 2002, [BibTeX, XML].
Previous versions: draft-ong-sigtran-sctpover-01, 00.
Abstract: This document provides a high level introduction to the capabilities supported by the Stream Control Transmission Protocol (SCTP). It is intended as a guide for potential users of SCTP as a general purpose transport protocol. This memo provides information for the Internet community.
URL: https://www.rfc-editor.org/rfc/rfc3286.txt
MD5: 3962ec32c91639aae167ee96badf6cdf
Yoakum, John and Ong, Lyndon: ``An Introduction to the SCTP´´ (TXT, 2 KiB, 🇬🇧), Internet Draft draft-ong-sigtran-sctpover-02, IETF, Individual Submission, May 15, 2002, [BibTeX, XML].
Previous versions: draft-ong-sigtran-sctpover-01, 00.
Abstract: This document provides a high level introduction to the capabilities supported by the Stream Control Transmission Protocol (SCTP). It is intended as a guide for potential users of SCTP as a general purpose transport protocol. This memo provides information for the Internet community.
URL: https://tools.ietf.org/id/draft-ong-sigtran-sctpover-02.txt
MD5: 045414cc087efef3540cac97c6c41c8f
Coene, Lode: ``Stream Control Transmission Protocol Applicability Statement´´ (TXT, 24 KiB, 🇬🇧), Informational RFC 3257, IETF, DOI 10.17487/RFC3257, ISSN 2070-1721, April 2002, [BibTeX, XML].
Previous versions: draft-ietf-sigtran-sctp-applicability-07, 06, 05, 04, 03, 02, 01, 00.
Abstract: <p>This document describes the applicability of the Stream Control Transmission Protocol (SCTP). It also contrasts SCTP with the two dominant transport protocols, User Datagram Protocol (UDP) & Transmission Control Protocol (TCP), and gives some guidelines for when best to use SCTP and when not best to use SCTP. This memo provides information for the Internet community.</p>
URL: https://www.rfc-editor.org/rfc/rfc3257.txt
MD5: 17532fe7fca05269d94f29717536e22c
Coene, Lode: ``Stream Control Transmission Protocol Applicability Statement´´ (TXT, 3 KiB, 🇬🇧), Internet Draft draft-ietf-sigtran-sctp-applicability-08, IETF, April 13, 2002, [BibTeX, XML].
Previous versions: draft-ietf-sigtran-sctp-applicability-07, 06, 05, 04, 03, 02, 01, 00.
Abstract: This document describes the applicability of the Stream Control Transmission Protocol (SCTP). It also contrasts SCTP with the two dominant transport protocols, User Datagram Protocol (UDP) & Transmission Control Protocol (TCP), and gives some guidelines for when best to use SCTP and when not best to use SCTP. This memo provides information for the Internet community.
URL: https://tools.ietf.org/id/draft-ietf-sigtran-sctp-applicability-08.txt
MD5: 75f12811e1c058eb517f347c911d68a5
Stewart, Randall R.: ``SCTP DDP Adaptation´´ (TXT, 11 KiB, 🇬🇧), Internet Draft draft-stewart-sctp-roi-00, IETF, Individual Submission, March 27, 2002, [BibTeX, XML].
Abstract: This document describes a method to adapt DDP to SCTP using a generic DDP description found in [DDP-DRAFT]. This adaption provides a method for two peers to know that each side is performing direct placement thus enabling hardware acceleration if available.
URL: https://tools.ietf.org/id/draft-stewart-sctp-roi-00.txt
MD5: 013aee1d4c55e0cf3e3b102e951a41d0
Stewart, Randall R. and Otis, Douglas: ``SCTP DDP/RDMA Adaptation´´ (TXT, 21 KiB, 🇬🇧), Internet Draft draft-stewart-otis-sctp-ddp-rdma-01, IETF, Individual Submission, February 27, 2002, [BibTeX, XML].
Previous versions: draft-otis-sctp-ddp-01, 00.
Abstract: In many applications, direct placement of data without the overhead of multiple copies or excessive context switching is a desirable feature. To accomplish this goal, a direct placement adaptation layer is defined within this document.
URL: https://tools.ietf.org/id/draft-stewart-otis-sctp-ddp-rdma-01.txt
MD5: 21871004ff405d1f752aa715f78e6267
Stewart, Randall R.; Xie, Qiaobing; Morneault, Ken; Sharp, Chip; Schwarzbauer, Hanns Jürgen; Taylor, Tom; Rytina, Ian; Kalla, Malleswar; Zhang, Lixia and Paxson, Vern: ``Stream Control Transmission Protocol´´ (TXT, 291 KiB, 🇬🇧), Standards Track RFC 2960, IETF, DOI 10.17487/RFC2960, ISSN 2070-1721, October 2000, [BibTeX, XML].
Previous versions: draft-ietf-sigtran-sctp-13, 12, 11, 10, 09, 08, 07, 06, 05, 04, 03, 02, 01, 00.
Historic versions: draft-ietf-sigtran-mdtp-06, 05, 04, 03, 02, 01, 00.
Abstract: This document describes the Stream Control Transmission Protocol (SCTP).
URL: https://www.rfc-editor.org/rfc/rfc2960.txt
MD5: 8c7ae0988fb53c647b7111bb6c9af1d4
